Term
| What happened to Barbara Garson? |
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Definition
| Her investment money was used to Bribe Thai officials, create an oil refinery in Thailand which destroyed part of the environment. |
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Term
| What were some reactions against globalization? |
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Definition
| Jihads, 911 highjackings, armed rebellion in Mexico , Teddy Bear catapults |
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Term
| What is the Dependency Theory? |
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Definition
| economic underdevelopment is a result of exploited relations between rich and poor countries |
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Term
| What happens when Multinational corporations invested heavily in the former colonies? |
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Definition
| siphoning of wealth in the form of raw materials and profits. |
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Term
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Definition
| formerly separate economies, states, and cultures being tied together and becoming interdependent |
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Term
| What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? |
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Definition
| total value of final goods and services produced in a year |
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Term
| What is “The Promised Land” ? |
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Definition
| 55-acre mountain of garbage in the Philippines |
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Term
| What is the World Trade Organization (WTO) ? |
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Definition
| organization that works to mediate trade disputes among nations |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which the principles of fast-food are coming to dominate more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world |
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Term
| What are peripheral countries? |
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Definition
| countries that are major sources of raw material and cheap labor |
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Term
| Is Global inequality increasing or decreasing? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| According to symbolic interactionism people create what instead of reacting to them? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the United Nations, how much of the world's population are poor? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Of the 1.3 billion people around the world living on $1 a day or less, 1 billion of them are? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the global commodity chain? |
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Definition
| network of labor and production processes, whose end result is a finished commodity |
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Term
| What does the United Nations call the level of inequality worldwide? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Division of the world into different, competing economic, political, and cultural areas |
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Term
| What is one of the consequences of globalization, which makes the whole world look like the United States? |
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Definition
| homogenizing the world; Mcdonalization |
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Term
| Globalization implies it can actually influence your life. How? Provide examples. |
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Definition
| war in Chechnya, money can be lent to huge changes in people’s live across the world (Garson Case), and when we buy things that are made from different countries |
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Term
According to Brym and Lie, people and institutions across the planet are becoming
increasingly aware of and dependent on? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| transnational corporations |
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Definition
| multinational businesses that rely on foreign labor and production and advance in design, technology, world markets, and advertising |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| policy that promotes private control of industry and minimal government interference in the running economy |
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Term
|
Definition
| the economic domination of one country by another |
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Term
| Gross National Product (GNP) |
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Definition
| the market value of all goods and services produced in one year by labor and property by the residents of a country |
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Term
| Does both social and cultural environment have a big impact on IQ and other standardized test scores? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What do we need to consider about the argument for the genetic basis of black
athletic superiority? |
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Definition
| No gene link has been identified |
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Term
|
Definition
| attitude that judges a person on his or her group’s real or imagined characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
| unfair treatment of people due to their group member ship |
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Term
| What do we need to know about racial differences? |
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Definition
| they are based on socially constructed and often arbitrary perceptions |
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Term
| What do most sociologists believe why the idea of race matters? |
|
Definition
| it allows social inequality to be created and maintained. |
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Term
| What are the various parts of the vicious cycle of racism? |
|
Definition
| PHYSICAL MARKERS are used to tell apart groups and create social inequality; DIFFERENT SOCIAL CONDITIONS among superordinates and subordinates create behavioral differences; PERCEPTIONS on behavioral differences create racial stereotypes |
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Term
|
Definition
| group of people whose perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. They differ from one another by language, religion, customs, values, and ancestors |
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Term
| Most sociologists stress how social structural conditions rather than what? to determine the economic success or lack of success of ethnic and racial groups? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a group of people who are socially disadvantaged although they may be the numerical majority |
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Term
| Name a reason for why it is not uncommon for people to experience a shift in racial or ethnic identity. |
|
Definition
| Relationships with other racial and ethnic groups continuously reshape one’s racial and ethnic identity. |
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Term
| Around 1900, why did Italian Americans started thinking of themselves as Americans instead of as people from a particular town or area in Italy? |
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Definition
| Others defined them that way |
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Term
| By 2050 non-Hispanic white Americans will be what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| spatial concentration of ethnic group members who establish businesses that employ mainly members of that ethnic group and invest profits in the ethnic community |
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Term
| what should you know about Cuban immigrants? |
|
Definition
| Fled Castro’s revolution in the 1950-60s and formed an enclave in the U.S. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term given to population of people living in America that are form Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba and countries found in Latin America |
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Term
|
Definition
| argues that ethnic groups pass through five stages in their struggle for territory: Invasion, resistance, competition, accommodations/ cooperation and assimilation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When two groups work out an understanding of what they should segregate, divide, and share. |
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Term
|
Definition
| people from one country invading another |
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Term
|
Definition
| The forcible removal of a population from a territory claimed by another population |
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Term
|
Definition
| laws that kept blacks from voting, attending white schools, and participating equally in many social institutions |
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Term
| 1896 Supreme Court Plessy v. Ferguson |
|
Definition
| When the Supreme Court ruled that separate facilities for blacks and whites were legal as long as they were of nominally equal quality. |
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Term
|
Definition
| intentional extermination of an entire population defined as a race of a people |
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Term
|
Definition
| criminal acts motivated by a person’s race, religion, or ethnicity |
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Term
| 1964 Civil Rights Act Page |
|
Definition
| outlawed discrimination in public housing, employment, and distribution of federal funds and supported public school intergration |
|
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Term
| hermaphrodites or intersexed |
|
Definition
| infants born with ambiguous genitals because of a hormone imbalance in the womb |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| biologic way of determining male or female |
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Term
|
Definition
| ones sense of being male or female |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ones identification with, or sense of belonging to a particular sex biologically, psychologically, and socially |
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Term
|
Definition
| expected behaviors of how a male or female is supposed to act |
|
|
Term
| Between what ages do children develop a complete sense of gender identity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to social constructionist, gender is “constructed” by what two features of social life? |
|
Definition
| social structure and culture |
|
|
Term
| What do sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists assume existing behavior patterns are designed to do? |
|
Definition
| To instinctively ensure that genes are passed on to future generations |
|
|
Term
| Are infant boys and girls treated differently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults contribute much to the gender socialization of children. Give examples. |
|
Definition
| Adults give toys that are related to their kid’s gender. They also encourage boys to play games that are competitive and encourage girls to play games that are cooperative. |
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|
Term
| What is one of the main effects of the mass media’s depiction of gender? |
|
Definition
| to reinforce the normality of traditional gender roles |
|
|
Term
| Once people become convinced that they need to develop bodies like the ones they see in television and print ads, it can become a problem because…. |
|
Definition
| those bodies are very difficult to attain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it’s a social barrier that makes it difficult for women to rise to the top level of management |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| defy the rigid distinction between genders |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| People who change their appearance to look like the opposite gender and may resort to medical intervention. “Born in the wrong body” |
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Term
|
Definition
| people who prefer sexual partners of the same sex |
|
|
Term
| What reasons do researchers believe that individuals develop homosexual orientations? |
|
Definition
| Researchers think it could be genetic, hormonal, or have to do with early childhood experiences. |
|
|
Term
| Sociologists are interested in the way homosexuality is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewarding men and women differently for the same work |
|
|
Term
| How did Bill Gates demonstrate an act of gender discrimination? |
|
Definition
| he said “Well, let’s hire two women because we can pay them half as much as we will have to pay a man, and we can give them all this other ‘crap’ work to do because they are women” |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When sexual threats or bribery are made a condition of employment decisions |
|
|
Term
| hostile environment harassment |
|
Definition
| sexual jokes, comments , and touching that interfere with work or create an unfriendly work setting |
|
|
Term
| When did movements to create gender-neutral toys emerge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| female-male earnings ratio |
|
Definition
| women’s earnings expressed as a percentage of men’s earnings. As of 2006, women earn 80.8% of a man’s earnings |
|
|
Term
| Give some example of what contributes to the gender gap in earnings |
|
Definition
| Gender discrimination, heavy domestic responsibilities reduce women’s earnings, women have low-wage occupations, work by women is considered less valuable than work done by men. |
|
|
Term
| traditional nuclear family |
|
Definition
| Man earns money at work and woman stays at home |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| expands the nuclear family vertically by adding another generation like the spouse’s parents |
|
|
Term
| According to sociologists who are influenced by conflict and feminist theories, it is inaccurate to talk about the family as if… |
|
Definition
| this important social institution assumed or should assume only a single form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expands the nuclear family horizontally by adding one or more spouse to the household |
|
|
Term
| What did Murdock define marriage as? |
|
Definition
| a socially approved long term, sexual and economic union between a man and a woman. It involves rights and obligations between spouses and between parents and their children. |
|
|
Term
| List the five main functions of marriage and the nuclear family |
|
Definition
| Sexual Regulation, Economic Cooperation, Reproduction, Socialization, Emotional Support |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The number of divorces that occur in a year for every 1,000 people in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she had the same number of children as women in each age cohort in a given year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dominance and norms justifying that dominance |
|
|
Term
| Name the trends that make family structure revolution is evident. |
|
Definition
| romantic love and happiness as bases for marriage, rising divorce rate, women’s increasing control over reproduction through their use of contraceptives, and women’s increasing participation in the system of higher education and the paid labor force. |
|
|
Term
| Historically, what was marriage NOT based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are local marriage markets and give examples. |
|
Definition
| Resources that people use to attract mates. Examples are: financial assets, status, values, tastes, and knowledge. |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of African Americans marry inside their group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors are associated with women's increased independence? |
|
Definition
| Introduction to birth- control pill and entry into higher educations and paid labor force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Legal separation from spouse, declining, and women initiate most divorces |
|
|
Term
| What does sex generally do during a marriage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do married people usually have more of than unmarried people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Marital satisfaction generally starts high, falls when children are born, reaches a low point
when children are in their teenage years and then... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors that accounts for the distress experienced by some children of divorce? |
|
Definition
| High level of parental conflict, decline in living standards, and absence of a parent |
|
|
Term
| The four main reproductive technologies are? |
|
Definition
| artifical insemination, surrogate motherhood, in vitro fertilization, screening techniques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When women prepare meals, help with homework, do laundry, clean toilets, and etc. when they get home right after full time shift at work |
|
|
Term
| In what class is severe wife assault more common in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the decline of the two-parent family among African Americans is due to? |
|
Definition
| discrimination that leads to unemployment in African American men. |
|
|
Term
| Half of all divorces take place by the end of which year of the marriage? |
|
Definition
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