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A radical fear that a female author cannot create and that writing will destroy her. This comes out of women's socially determined sense of their own biology. Their alienation is embodied in freakish characters in their texts.
*Gilbert and Gubar. |
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A cyborg is a hybrid of machine and organism that blurs the line between human and machine. They are not subject to the myth of original purity.
*Don Haraway |
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| Females who have overtly (openly) and covertly (concealed) conveyed their traditional authorship anxiety to their bewildered female descendants. Women writers seek out these fore mothers who have succeeded in earlier struggles. |
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Fourth phase of the image
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*Boureyard
In this phase the image has no relation to reality as the sign exists for something that is no longer there.
Ex-Animals in Bladerunner. |
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*also Gilbert and Gubar
A female disease that came out of patriarchal socialization which made women physically and mentnally sick. Thought to be caused by the female reproductive system. |
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| Derrida's pun on the french word for animal and the french word for word. This concept refers to the fact that humans have given themselves the right to give the word animal. This allows us to separate ourselves from animals. |
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*Gilbert and Gubar
A focus on the male viewpoint. Feminist theory has to work through the prejudice that comes with this theory. |
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| A pretend representation or a sign substituting for the real. There are four phases. Ranges from being a true reflection to no reflection/relation to reality at all. |
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*Kari Weil
Discrimination against different species. Derived Racism, allows for a reconsideration of an anthropocentric basis of philosophy. |
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*Said
In post colonial studies the subaltern are any subject peoples. Their voices are often marginalized or excluded due to the power that silences them. |
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Hyperreality is a special kind of social reality in which a reality is created or simulated from models, or defined by reference to models. – a reality generated from ideas. The term has implications of ‘too much reality’ – everything being on the surface, without mystery; ‘more real than reality’ – too perfect and schematic to be true, like special effects;
Ex-Disneyland is a hyperreality |
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*Jameson
An idea of space rather than an experience of space. It is an alarming disjunction between the body and its built environment. |
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| Examines ways in which western anthropology, history and literature have constructed the east. These examples of anthropology, history and literature participate in conquest of eastern countries and peoples. |
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*Foucault
Essential sexual identity becomes both inner and outer. Our sex serves heteronormativity by being an external manifestation of an inner male or female.
ex.-how your penis makes you a man. |
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blocks memory of an earlier self. its inaccessible but present. It is useful for understanding and giving voice to others or to experiences that seem impervious to our means of understanding. |
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| Critical Anthropomorphism |
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*Kari Weil
A critical tool that avoids narcisistic view
weils most important idea, attribution of human characteristics, or behavior to a god, animal, or object. Animals are not our subordinates, humans do NOT dominate.
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*Timothy Morton
Nature is combined and controlled by the environment. It is not malleable. Morton is quoted as saying "all forms of life are connected in a vest entangling mesh. He chose the word mesh because the universe is always entangled. |
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fosters female separatism and biological eccentricism. Appropriates the long standing identification of women with nature.
*Timothy Morton
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*morton. the intrinsic value of nature. It is where western dualism is an origin of the environmental crisis and the vital human needs to take priority over others.
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| The myths of origin run across all sorts of discourses, even Freud and Marx. They say that we started with unity, innocence, and wholeness (such as in the Garden of Eden) but then something happened that led to individualization, separation and birth of self. This then led to reaction, and respite in regression. |
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a field that Morton claims does not exist. It is the combination of queer theory (a rapidly expanding body of literature that seeks to answer a series of questions about what is normal, how normal comes to exist, and who is excluded or oppressed by those notions of norms) and ecology (the relation of organisms to one another). Morton says Queer Theory and Ecology are intimate with one another, and that ecology is queer theory while queer theory is ecology.
Chat Conversation End
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Quoted from Gregg Garrard
An ecological problem because it does not name a substance, class of substances, but rather represents an implicit normative claim that too much of something is present in the environment, usually in the wrong place. Too much of anything, good or bad, may not necessarily turn out to be good. |
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| A movement in which a subject no longer occupies a realm of stability but rather is folded into a nomadic mode of existence in which one is always an anomaly, that is, inaccessible to any form of definition. It is a movement from body to flesh, where the one is a figure of unity and strength, while the other is an interminable state of disarticulation or disfigurement, as in many of Francis Bacon's paintings of faceless heads. It is not animal metamorphosis but an achievement of non-identity, which for Deleuze and Guattari is the condition of freedom (for animals as well as for the rest of us, whoever we are.) |
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| he idea that gender does not go with biological sex but is from repeated, performed behaviours! |
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Frederick Jameson
specific reaction against established forms of high modernism.
Erodes the distinction between high and low culture |
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-ity= a condition, way of life
-ism=the response to it, the artistic strategy that reacts to the state. |
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| Consumerism and the Hyperreal |
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-natural needs have been replaced by consumer desires
-images of desire precede and produce personal wants |
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| images of what we want, exist before we create the things those signs might stand for. |
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| an example of a hyperreality. |
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-scientific classifications become subs for the things they name
-extinction of species hastens replacement of things by sign
-anthropology and ethnology translates cultural others into scientific terms |
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| hastens disappearance of cultures, peoples classified by anthropology. |
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we live in a virtual reality.
-gone with the wind-we understand the civil war through this, confusing it with reality (signs substituting it for the real)
-virtual reality of media-FB friends instead of real ones
-virtual selves created by media, consumers, categories and types. |
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| Procession of the simulacra (phases of the image) |
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1. reflection of a basic reality
2. masking and perverting of reality
3. masking the absence of reality
4. no relation to reality |
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| reflection of a basic reality |
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| reliable, image recognizable as representation. (starts with basic reality reflection). |
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| masking and perverting of reality |
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| misrepresentation of reality (a caracature). |
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| masking the absence of reality |
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| delusive relationship to reality, exists apart from referent. (grape juice doesn't taste like grapes, but we think so). |
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O'Hearne claims that animals livea are not as important to them as ours are to us.
Costello replies "the whole being of the animal is engaged in living. i.e.- dog!
*resembles Weil's "critical empathy." |
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| the whole ecosystem is greater than the sum of its parts. Individuals are less important than species, species less important than whole. |
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| the only organism over which we don't claim the power of life and death because he understands the whole. |
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| A non-criminal putting to death |
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53 billion animals are killed for meat each year
97 aquatic animals
Derrida says our unexamined justification for this is a space in which there is a non-crimial putting to death. |
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-making a ritual of killing and consuming animal
-identification with and incorporation of the animal
-masculine, based on predatory power and strength |
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| its not about inhabiting another mind, but another body. |
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| stands for elemental force of nature. |
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| Norma's Enlightenment Ideology |
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dismisses claim that animals have their own accounts in accordance with the structure of their own minds, to which we don't have access b/c we don't share a language.
*observing squirrels has not led us to concur otherwise. |
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| The creature as ethical challenge (Frankenstein) |
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| "he might have spoken, but I did not hear." -enter language prison to be in the human club. |
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| imagining the pain and pleasure in others while recognizing difference from ourselves. |
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opposite of anthropomorphism
portraying humans as animalistic or animal-like. |
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the age of reason
"I think, therefore I am" means: an assumption that rational thinking is key to being a human being. |
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argues against nature as a closed system. Says the body isn't an impenetrable closed form,
Excludes pollution is part of performing nature as pristine, wild, immediate, and pure. |
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-political mode of analysis
-focused primarily on romantic poetry, wilderness narrative, nature writing -study of the relationship between literature and physical environment. |
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-capitalist economies will develop solutions to ecological problems.
-disregards value of activists in offering solutions
-nature only valued for its usefulness to humans. |
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-small, local changes over major, global ones.
-faith in consumer-motivated change
-greenwashing
-nature valued primarily for usefulness and beauty. |
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more radical
-intrinsic value of nature
-western dualism as origin of environmental crisis
-even handed=relativism
-vital human needs take priority over others |
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-scarcity created by capitalist means of production
-change politics of production to meet real needs rather than accumulation of waste
-nature is a resource |
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| culture of late capitalism |
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-consists of styles and subject positions rather than individuals
-locks a sense of history, living in a perpetual present that obliterates cultural traditions in favor of variation.
"We seem condemned to seek the historical past through our own pop images and stereotypes about the past, which itself remains forever out of reach. |
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culture is increasingly self-referential, turning away from contemporary experience to past representations.
-ex-star wars-longing for an imaginary past, it refers not to an actual past, but to an already represented past, divorced from history. |
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