Term
Eye Exams + Spectacles make up _____%
Eye Exams + Contact Lenses make up ____%
Eye Exams + Ocular Disease make up_____% |
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Definition
Lenses 60%
CL 30%
Ocular Disease 10%
......of gross income |
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Term
| Who was the first person to conceive the idea of cornea neutralization via a new refracting surface? |
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Definition
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Term
"If one applies fluid, directly against the eye, there will be no longer any refraction at the entry of the eye"
Who said this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who outlined the principles of the telescope and other techniques for enlarging retinal image size? |
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Definition
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Term
-First to provide scientific explanation of color vision
-First Established the fact that accommodation was related to changes in crystalline lens
-First to describe and measure astigmatism |
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Definition
Thomas Young
Father of Physiological Optics
-Interpreted the Rosseta Stone |
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Term
| Thomas Young invented the closest contact lens device that was a 25 mm tube with a biconvex lens filled with cold water. It was called.... |
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Definition
| Hydradiascope- designed to study the mechanism of accommodation |
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Term
| Who described the exact CL we use today? |
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Definition
Sir John Herschel
also coined the phrase "photography", "negative and positive snapshot" |
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Term
| How did a lacrimal lens work? |
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Definition
| Glass lens that was filled with tears, same index as cornea and glass |
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Term
| Who invented the first glass eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| The artificial eye had a central portion with no optical power, it was called a therapeutic lens. Sclera had thin string to look like vessels. How long can this eye be worn? |
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Definition
| 12- 18 months, due to corrosion of the glass by the tear film. Etching and clouding occurred throughout time |
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Term
| In 1888 three white guys independently developed the first contact lenses, they were... |
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Definition
Adolph Eugen Fick
August Muller
Eugene Kalt |
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Term
| Adolph Fick first published work on CL and reported how he had fitted Cl to irregular corneas from molds taken from cadaver eyes. What was the diameter of the lenses? |
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Definition
| 18-20 mm, had to be large to get it centered correctly on the eye |
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Term
| Fick developed the first contact lens with refractive power with which major lens company? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first to wear a pair of CLs? |
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Definition
August Muller from Kiel, Germany
He had -14.00 D of myopia! |
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Term
| The first cl showed which major problem? |
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Definition
| Lack of oxygen which caused induced corneal edema |
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Term
| August Muller designed CL that are similar to the lenses we wear today but they are still about how big? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is pressure exerted by the CL that causes rapid metabolic disorders? |
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Definition
| CL exerts pressure on the border of the cornea |
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Term
| Who first experimented with corneal CL? and correct keratoconus? |
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Definition
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Term
Who designed this lens?
1. Designed to apply pressure onto the corneal apex
2. First to base lens fitting from keratometric measurements
3.Used 11 mm corneal lens
4. Fabricated from segments from bottom of test tubes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Volle, Scranton Mississippi
Issued March 3, 1903 |
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Term
| Blown Glass Scleral lenses were made by... |
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Definition
| F.A Muller Company Wiesbaden of Germany |
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Term
| Ground Glass Scleral Lenses were made by.... |
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Definition
| Carl Zeiss Company of Jena, Germany |
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Term
| Which ( Blown or Ground) had greater patient tolerance since there was no sharp edges remained |
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Definition
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Term
| First Scleral lenses produced that were commercially available, and what base curves? |
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Definition
Carl Zeiss- 20 mm dia
6.5, 7.1, 8.1, 9.0 |
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Term
| Hindenburg caught fire and burnt which optometry precious cargo? |
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Definition
| Cark Zeiss CL on route to NY |
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Term
| Joesph Dallos is famous because? |
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Definition
He invented the first impression of living eyes using Negocoll
and first to describe toric and lenticular lenses. |
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Term
| Who developed and patented PMMA as a plastic? |
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Definition
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Term
| PMMA became the lens material for choice in which year? |
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Definition
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Term
| William Feinbloom is famous for... |
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Definition
| In 1936 he was the First American to use plastic for CL. Glass central optic and plastic scleral portion. <- Hybrid CL |
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Term
| First to describe bifocal and trifocal contact lenses |
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Definition
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Term
| The first completely plastic scleral contact lens was developed by |
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Definition
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Term
| Theo Obrig was the first to suggest the use of what to evaluate CL fitting |
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Definition
| Fluroscein dye with Cobalt Blue |
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Term
| Flouroscein pooling is due to.. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed the first Scleral lens that had a small hole in periphery to facillicate tear flow and incorporated a transitional curve between the cornea and sclera to provide limbal clearance. |
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Definition
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Term
Mold kit was called....
The material that was mixed was called... |
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Definition
Moldite
Negocol
Must be mixed and placed in syringe in 30 sec
Use anestheric and mold the eye |
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Term
| What is the 6 step process in making a CL? |
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Definition
1.Mixing the Negocol
2. Applying the Negocol to the anesthetized eye
3. Removing the mold, cornea, limbus and scleral mold
4. Mixing the Castone
5. Making the CL mold with initials
6. Molding the CL with a flame that melts the plastic and shaped into the mold segment |
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Term
| Where is power ground into in a CL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fluid was placed on the CL for insertion? |
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Definition
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Term
If the CL was too snug you would....
If the CL was too loose on the eye you would.... |
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Definition
.... Add more cement ( mold)
....Take away the plastic and remold |
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Term
| First Lens care solution was |
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Definition
Micon Tablets (Salt tablets)
The pt had to keep track of their solution mixture to determine the correct pH for their eye |
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Term
| What procedure did CL wears follow before inserting the CL? |
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Definition
| Rinse in cold water and lick the inside and out to maintain a clean condition |
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Term
| Who designed the first Corneal contact lens made of PMMA? |
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Definition
Dennis C. England 1946, applied for patent in January 1946 but it was rejected.
Most of the eyes presented had irregular astigmatism with no keratometric readings. |
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Term
Which famous person patented the first plastic contact lens?
*hint: All because of his awesome wife |
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Definition
** Kevin Tuohy** 1948
11mm with CT of 0.40
THe lens was a monocurve design with a base curve and a rounded edge. |
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Term
| Kevin Tuohy CL designed required which important monocurve design? |
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Definition
| It was required to be fitted 1.50D. Flatter than the flat "K". |
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Term
| Who Designed the first multi curve lenses to better contour the true shape of the cornea? |
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Definition
George Butterfield, 1951
Steep in the center and flattens out in the periphery |
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Term
Which 3 famous duded developed the "Microlens", which we currently use today.
- 9.5 mm's in dia
- Avg thickness of 0.20 mm |
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Definition
Frank Dickinson
John Neil
Wilhelm Sohnges
1951 |
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Term
| Otto Wichterie in 1961 from Prague invented the first.... |
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Definition
| Soft Contact Lens which was bio-compatable by using his kid's erector set |
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Term
| Which Corporation acquired the rights to the Wichterie's hydrogel material? |
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Definition
| The National Patent Development Corp and Dr. Robert Morrison (USA) in 1964 |
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Term
| In 1966 the National Patent Development granted license to which company to distribute and manufacture the hydrogel lenses in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| The FDA started to regulate CL as a drug as well as regulate the manufacture + disinfection of CL in what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What exciting news did Bausch & Lomb receive in 1971? |
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Definition
First Hydrogel lens was approved by the FDA for the US market.
It was the "C" series and cost $35 per lens |
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Term
| In 1983 Hydrogen Peroxide solutions presented with problems because.. |
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Definition
| it lacked preservatives and pts were exposed to microbes |
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Term
| What Materials were the RCP lenses made out of? 4 types and describe their oxygen permeability. |
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Definition
1. PMMA- Dk:0
2. Cellulose acetate butyrate- Dk: 4-8 low
3. Silicone acrylate- Dk:12-54
4. Fluorosilicone acrylate- Dk: 30-160
We currently use the fluorosilicone |
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Term
| What are some examples of modern cl? |
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Definition
| Disposable lenses, Daily disposable, silicone/hydrogel lenses |
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Term
| Current silicone hydrogel lens examples? |
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Definition
| Acuvue adv, B&L purevision, Ciba night & day, Coopervision avaira, etc. |
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Term
| What are the 3 lens care systems we use today? |
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Definition
1. Multi-purpose Solution
2. Hydrogen Peroxide
3. UV Systems |
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