Term
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Definition
| an early method of steel manufacturing in which air was blown into a vessel of molten iron to burn out impurities |
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Term
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Definition
| another method of producing steel around 20 years after the Bessemer process |
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Term
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Definition
| iron with a controlled amount of carbon, generally less than 2% |
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Term
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Definition
| ordinary structural steel, containing less than 3/10 of 1% carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| iron with two high a carbon content to be classified as steel |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of iron that is soft, tough, and fibrous in structure, containing about .1% carbon and 1-2% slag |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| coal whose volatile constituents have been distilled out, leaving only carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel-making process in which a stream of pure oxygen is introduces into a batch of molten iron so as to remove excess carbon and other impurities |
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Term
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Definition
| utilized in "mini-mills" for the production of structural steel from scrap steel |
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Term
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Definition
| a rectangular solid of steel formed from an ingot as an intermediate step in creating rolled steel structural shapes |
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Term
| high strength, low alloy steel |
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Definition
| the preferred steel for common structural members that is produced at "mini mills" |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel alloy that forms a tenacious, self-protecting rust layer when exposed to the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel alloy, silvery in color, with superior corrosion resistance due principally to high chromium and nickel content |
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Term
| structural mill, breakdown mill |
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Definition
| the portion of a steel mill that rolls structural shapes |
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Term
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Definition
| a saw that cuts finished steel into shorter segments for further refinement |
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Term
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Definition
| steel is placed here after sawing to cool down from its refinement |
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Term
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Definition
| straightener corrects any residual deformities after the steel has cooled |
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Term
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Definition
| a small rolled steel shape, usually round or rectangular in cross section; a rolled steel shape used for reinforcing concrete |
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Term
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Definition
| a broad sheet of rolled metal 1/4 inch (6.35mm) or more thick; a two-way concrete slab; a horizontal top or bottom member in a platform frame wall structure |
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Term
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Definition
| flat rolled metal generally less than 1/4 inch (6.35mm) thick |
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Term
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Definition
| any of a wide range of structural steel components rolled in the shape of the letter I or H |
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Term
| American Standard shape, I-beam |
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Definition
| an American Standard section of hot-rolled steel |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural section of steel or aluminum whose profile resembles the letter L |
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Term
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Definition
| a flat steel plate used to connect the members of a truss; a stiffener plate |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel or aluminum section shaped like a rectangular box with one side missing |
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Term
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Definition
| a metal or precast concrete member with a cross section resembling the letter T |
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid cooling of metal so as to alter its physical properties; a form of heat treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| controlled heating and cooling of a material to alter its mechanical properties; a form of heat-treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| the pouring of molten steel into molds and allowing it to cool. Although more expensive than rolling, this is useful for steel alloys and special construction purposes, such as specific shapes or cross-sections that support certain loads |
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Term
| cold worked steel, cold formed steel |
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Definition
| steel formed at a temperature at which it is no longer plastic, as by rolling or foraging at room temperature |
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Term
| hollow structural section (HSS) |
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Definition
| hollow steel cylindrical or rectangular shapes made to be used as structural members; also called structural tubing |
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Term
| open-web steel joist (OPSJ) |
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Definition
| a lightweight, prefabricated, welded steel truss used at closely spaced intervals to support floor or roof decking |
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Term
|
Definition
| a light steel truss used to support open-web steel joists |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural fastener on which a second head is formed after the fastener is in place |
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Term
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Definition
| a bolt designed to connect steel members by clamping them together with sufficient force that the load is transferred between them by friction |
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Term
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Definition
| a weaker bolt that is used less commonly, mainly in small or temporary connections |
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Term
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Definition
| connection where the bolts only need to be installed to a snug-tight condition. The bolts are responsible only for holding the connection |
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Term
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Definition
| inserting the bolts into the joint until they are snug against the joint |
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Term
| slip-critical connection, friction connection |
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Definition
| structural steel connection in which the members are clamped together by high-strength bolts with sufficient force that the loads on the members are transmitted between them by friction along their mating (faying) surfaces |
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Term
|
Definition
| when bolts are tightened to the point of creating friction between the members they join |
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Term
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Definition
| the contacting surfaces of steel members joined with a slip-critical connection |
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Term
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Definition
| chafing or tearing of one material against another under extreme pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| a device for tightening bolts and nuts by means of rapidly repeated torque impulses produced by electrical or pneumatic energy |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of achieving the correct tightness in a high-strength bolt by first tightening the nut snugly, then turning it a specified additional fraction of a turn |
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Term
| load indicator washer, direct tension indicator (DTI) |
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Definition
| a disk placed under the head or nut of a high-strength bolt to indicate sufficient tensioning of the bolt by means of the deformation of ridges on the surface of the disk |
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Term
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Definition
| less frequent way of checking bolts, this method involves setting a calibrated wrench to a certain torque and tightening a bolt until the torque cannot tighten it anymore |
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Term
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Definition
| a bolt tightened by means of a splined end that breaks off when the bolt shank has reached the required tension |
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Term
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Definition
| the wrench used in drilling tension-control bolts |
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Term
| lockpin and collar fastener, swedge bolt |
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Definition
| a boltlike device that is passed through holes in structural steel components, held in very high tension, and closed with a steel ring that is squeezed onto its protruding shank |
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Term
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Definition
| a metal electrode is held near the two pieces that will be welded, and the electrode creates an electric arc between the pieces that makes them hot enough to melt together |
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Term
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Definition
| a consumable steel wire or rod used to maintain an arc and furnish additional weld metal in electric arc welding |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols in a fabrication drawing to indicate the properties of a weld between to pieces of steel |
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Term
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Definition
| a small rectangular strip of steel applied beneath a joint to provide a solid base for beginning a weld between two steel structural members |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of a pair of small rectangular steel bars attached temporarily at the end of a prepared groove for the purpose of permitting the groove to be filled to its very end with weld metal |
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Term
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Definition
| welds that must withstand particularly harmful forces, such as seismic ones, that must meet spacial qualifications related to their design, material, installation, and inspection |
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Term
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Definition
| a connection designed to resist only the tendency of the member to slide past the other, and not, as in a moment connection, to resist any tendency of the members to rotate with respect to one another; in steel frame construction, a simple connection |
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Term
|
Definition
| a deformation in which planes of material slide with respect to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of tension and compression forces that cause a beam or other structural member to bend |
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Term
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Definition
| a shear connection between steel members made by means of steel angles or plates connection to the web of the beam or girder |
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Term
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Definition
| a connection between two structural members that is highly resistant to rotation between the members and therefore capable of transmitting bending moments between the connected members, as differentiated from a shear connection, which allows (slight) rotation |
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Term
| full-penetration groove weld |
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Definition
| the most common way of connecting beam flanges to a column, where the web is bolted and the beams are welded to the column with stiffener plates |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel plate attached to a structural member to support it against heavy localized loading or stresses |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural building frame strengthened against lateral forces with diagonal members |
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Term
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Definition
| diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installed to stabilize a structure against lateral loads |
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Term
| eccentrically braced frame |
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Definition
| the diagonal braces in this frame make trapezoids instead of triangles, and they make the structure strong as a whole, this is a frame used in earthquake-resistant buildings |
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Term
| Chevron bracing, inverted V bracing |
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Definition
| the diagonal bracing where upside down v shapes are created down the center of the building by the braces |
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Term
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Definition
| bracing in which parallel diagonals run from opposite corners of the braced bay |
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Term
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Definition
| a stiff wall that imparts lateral force resistance to a building frame |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural building frame, strengthened to resist lateral forces with moment connections between beams and columns |
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Term
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Definition
| one way of stabilizing a tall building, where bracing or shear walls are used at the central part of a building where there are stairs and elevators to utilize them. this support will keep the entire building in good shape as long as there is some diaphragm action |
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Term
|
Definition
| a bracing action that derives from the stiffness of a thin plane of material when it is loaded in a direction parallel to the plane. Diaphragms in buildings are typically floor, wall, or roof surfaces of plywood, reinforced masonry, steel decking, or reinforced concrete |
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Term
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Definition
| the other way of stabilizing a building, where the moments are resisted around the perimeter of a building |
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Term
| Fully-Restrained moment connection, AISC Type 1 connection |
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Definition
| a steel frame moment connection sufficiently rigid such that the geometric angles between connected pieces remain unchanged during normal loading |
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Term
| Partially-Restrained moment connection, AISC Type 3 connection |
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Definition
| a steel frame moment connection that is less rigid than a fully restrained moment connection but that still possesses a usable degree of resistance to rotation |
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Term
| Simple connection, AISC Type 2 connection |
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Definition
| a steel frame shear connection with no useable resistance to rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| a connection in which a steel beam rests on top of a steel angle or tee that is fastened to a column or girder |
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Term
|
Definition
| a tab that bolts the beam web to the column, simply to hold it in place for the welding of the moment connection |
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Term
|
Definition
| a semirigid connection (rigid with more bolts) where a beam is welded to a plate that is bolted to the flange of the column |
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Term
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Definition
| the company that prepares structural steel members for erection; any entity that assembles building components prior to arrival on the construction site |
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Term
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Definition
| detailed drawings prepared by a fabricator to guide the shop production of such building components as cut stonework, steel or precast concrete framing, curtain wall panels, and cabinetwork |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a flange at the end of a steel beam in order to facilitate connection to another member |
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Term
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Definition
| high-temperature ionized gas cutting finding increased use in steel fabrication |
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Term
|
Definition
| another type of cutting also finding increased use in steel fabrication |
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Term
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Definition
| a slight, intentional initial curvature in a beam or slab |
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Term
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Definition
| the subcontractor who raises, connects, and plumbs up a building frame from fabricated steel or precast concrete components |
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Term
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Definition
| a skilled laborer who erects steel building frames or places reinforcing bars in concrete construction |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of a multistory steel building frame supported by one set of fabricated column pieces, commonly two stories in height |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel plate inserted between a column and a foundation to spread the concentrated load of the column across a larger area of the foundation |
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Term
|
Definition
| a steel plate placed in grout on top of a concrete foundation to create a level bearing surface for the lower end of a steel column |
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Term
|
Definition
| a high-slump mixture of portland cement, aggregates, and water, which can be poured or pumped into cavities in concrete or masonry for the purpose of embedding reinforcing bars and/or increasing the amount of loadbearing material in a wall; a specially formulated mortarlike material for filling under steel baseplates and around connections in precast concrete framing; a mortar used to fill joints between ceramic tiles or quarry tiles |
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Term
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Definition
| a heavy duty lifting device that uses a tower-mounted boom that may rorare in any vertical plane as well as in a horizontal plane |
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Term
|
Definition
| a heavy-duty lifting device that uses a tower-mounted horizontal boom that may rotate only in a horizontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| works with a crane to position the components and insert enough bolts to hold them together temporarily |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| builds itself an independent tower as the building rises, either alongside the building or within an elevator shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| a rope attached to a building component to help guide it as it is lifted by a crane or derrick |
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Term
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Definition
| a tapered steel rod used to align bolt holes in steel connections during erection |
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Term
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Definition
| placing the last member in a building frame |
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Term
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Definition
| corrugated metal sheets used as the structural base for floors ("floor decking") and roofs ("roof decking") in steel frame construction |
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Term
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Definition
| type of decking that uses single corrugated sheets because concentrated loads are not expected to be great and deflection criteria are not as stringent as in floors |
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Term
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Definition
| panels made of steel sheets corrugated and welded together in such a way that hollow longitudinal cells are created within the panels |
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Term
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Definition
| how metal decking is usually secured to joists, beams, and girders by melting through decking to the supporting members below with welding electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| corrugated steel decking manufactured in such a way that it bonds securely to the concrete floor fill to form a reinforced concrete deck |
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Term
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Definition
| a piece of steel welded to the top of a steel beam or girder so as to become embedded int he concrete fill over the beam and cause the beam and the concrete to act as a single structural unit |
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Term
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Definition
| a very small roof framing member that spans between joists or purlins |
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Term
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Definition
| a horizontal beam that supports wall cladding between columns |
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Term
| architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS) |
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Definition
| structural steel intended to be left exposed in the finished building and fabricated and installed to a higher-quality standard |
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Term
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Definition
| material used around a steel (or concrete) structural element to insulate it against excessive temperatures in case of fire |
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Term
| spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRM) |
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Definition
| fibrous or cementitious insulation applied to steel or concrete with a sprayer to provide protection against the heat of fire |
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Term
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Definition
| a paint or mastic that expands to form a stable, insulating char when exposed to fire |
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Term
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Definition
| a paint or mastic that expands to form a stable, insulating char when exposed to fire |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel wide-flange section whose web has been cut along a zigzag path and reassembled by welding in such a way as to create a deeper section |
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Term
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Definition
| a large beam made up of steel plates, sometimes in combination with steel angles, that are welded, bolted, or riveted together |
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Term
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Definition
| two columns and a beam or beams attached to one another with connections; a moment-resisting frame |
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Term
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Definition
| a triangulated arrangement of structural members that reduces nonaxial external forces to a set of axial forces in its members |
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Term
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Definition
| a top or bottom member of a truss |
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Term
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Definition
| a truss that spans with two-way action |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial inclined forces at its supports |
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Term
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Definition
| saddle-shaped or having curvature in two opposing directions |
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Term
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Definition
| one way of restraining the cable net in a hanging roof |
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Term
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Definition
| a membrane supported by masts or other rigid structural elements such as frames or arches usually consisting of a woven textile fabric and generally reinforced with steel cables along the main lines of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| depend on air pressure for their stability and their capacity to carry snow and wind loads |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure, usually long-span, with a fabric roof supported by an increase in air pressure inside the structure |
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Term
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Definition
| applying an initial compressive stress to a concrete structural member, either by pretensioning or posttensioning |
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Term
|
Definition
| in a tensile structure the design process is referred to as this because the structure cannot be made to take any arbitrary shape |
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Term
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Definition
| a good design for a tensile structure usually employs this in order to minimize buckling problems |
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Term
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Definition
| a concrete surface lying upon, and supported directly by, the ground beneath |
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Term
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Definition
| a slot or groove intended to create an opening too large to be bridged by a drop of water and, thereby, to eliminate the passage of water by capillary action; the coarse aggregate layer under a concrete slab on grade which reduces the migration of water from the ground below into the concrete slab above |
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Term
| moisture barrier, vapor retarder |
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Definition
| a membrane used to resist the migration of liquid water through a floor, wall, or roof |
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Term
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Definition
| a strip of wood, metal, or plaster that establishes the level to which the concrete or plaster will be placed |
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Term
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Definition
| to use a float for finishing concrete |
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Term
|
Definition
| a long-handled tool used for the initial floating of a freshly poured concrete slab |
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Term
|
Definition
| a stiff straightedge of wood or metal used to level the surface of wet plaster or concrete |
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Term
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Definition
| in freshly placed concrete, water that rises to the top surface of the concrete as the solid cement and aggregate particles settle |
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Term
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Definition
| a slab that has been troweled |
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Term
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Definition
| machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs |
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Term
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Definition
| squares of plywood placed on the surface of the concrete in case the concrete mason cannot reach all areas of the slab from around the edges |
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Term
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Definition
| a skid-resistant texture imparted to an uncured concrete surface by dragging a stiff-bristled brook across it |
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Term
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Definition
| a step in the finishing of concrete slabs for the purpose of removing minor undulations procured during floating or troweling |
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Term
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Definition
| to strike off the surface of a concrete slab using screeds and a straight piece of lumber or metal; as a noun, a long, straight item, used to perform straightedging, test the flatness of a surface, or trace a straight line |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes sprinkled over the surface of a slab between the screeding and floating operations. these dry powders react with the concrete to form a very hard, durable surface for such heavy wear applications as warehouses and factories |
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Term
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Definition
| a liquid that, when sprayed on the surface of newly placed concrete, forms a water-resistant layer to prevent premature dehydration of the concrete |
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Term
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Definition
| a concrete slab finished to a high degree of flatness and levelness according to a recognized system of measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| an index number expressing the statistical flatness or levelness of a concrete slab |
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Term
| control joint, contraction joint |
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Definition
| an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure |
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Term
| isolation joint, expansion joint |
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Definition
| a type of structure/enclosure joint used with concrete slabs on grade to allow differential movement where they abut adjacent walls and columns |
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Term
| shrinkage-compensating cement |
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Definition
| specially formulated cement, used to counteract the drying shrinkage that normally occurs during curing |
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Term
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Definition
| A slot formed into a concrete surface for the purpose of interlocking with a subsequent pour of concrete; a slot at the edge of a precast member into which grout will be poured to lock it to an adjacent member; a mechanical interlocking of plaster with lath |
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Term
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Definition
| A short cylindrical rod of wood or steel; a steel reinforcing bar that projects from a foundation to tie it to a column or wall, or from one section of a concrete slab or wall to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| A steel or plastic rod with fastener on either end, used to hold together the two surfaces of formwork for a concrete wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| A horizontal beam used to support sheeting or concrete formwork |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installed to stabilize a structure against lateral loads |
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Term
|
Definition
| Removing formwork from concrete; sealing around a roof flashing with layers of felt and bitumen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Form ties twisted off with heavy pliers and the _____ that they leave in the surfaces of the wall are carefully filled with grout |
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Term
| insulating concrete form (ICF) |
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Definition
| Serve both to form the concrete and to remain in place permanently as thermal insulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spans across parallel lines of support finished by walls and/or beams |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temporary vertical or sloping supports of steel or timber |
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Term
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Definition
| Inserting temporary supports under concrete beams slabs after framework has been removed to prevent overloading prior to full curing of the concrete |
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Term
|
Definition
| One-way solid slabs are often supported by beams that are several times as broad as they are deep |
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Term
| one-way concrete joist system, ribbed slab |
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Definition
| The slab becomes so thick that the weight of the slab itself is an excessive burden, unless a substantial portion of the nonworking concrete in the lower part of the slab can be eliminated to lighten the load |
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Term
|
Definition
| Joists formed with metal or plastic _ _ _ supported on a temporary plywood deck |
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Term
|
Definition
| Formed across the joists at midspan to distribute concentrated loads to more than one joist |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad beams that are only deep as the joints |
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Term
| wide-module concrete joist system, skip-joist system |
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Definition
| The joists are placed 4 to 6 feet apart |
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Term
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Definition
| A rarely seen system, occasionally used for very heavily loaded industrial floors, in which the slab is supported by a grid of beams running in both directions over the columns |
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Term
|
Definition
| A system suited to heavily loaded buildings such as storage and industrial buildings |
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Term
|
Definition
| A flaring conical head on a concrete column |
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Term
|
Definition
| A thickening of a 2 way concrete structure at the head of a column |
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Term
|
Definition
| Designed to carry the higher bending forces encountered in the zones of the slab that cross the columns |
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Term
|
Definition
| The half-span-wide zone of a 2 way concrete slab that lies midway between columns |
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Term
|
Definition
| Typical slab depths system range 5-12 inches |
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|
Term
| waffle slab, two-way concrete joist system |
|
Definition
| The 2 way equivalent of the 1 way concrete joist system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (Something Danny will never get) Created around the tops of the columns by leaving |
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Term
|
Definition
| Evenly distributed in one direction and banded closely together over the line of columns in the other direction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Initial movements in the anchorages |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used chiefly with 2 way flat plate structures, virtually eliminates formwork |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wall construction are large units made up of a number of panels that are supported by the same set of walers |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is fabricated in large sections that are supported on deep metal trusses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is useful for tallwalled structures such as elevator shafts, stairwells, and storage silos |
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Term
|
Definition
| A floor slab is cast on the ground and reinforced concrete wall panels are poured over it in a horizontal position |
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Term
| shotcrete, pneumatically placed concrete |
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Definition
| Is sprayed into place from the nozzle of a hose by a stream of compressed air |
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Term
|
Definition
| Concrete that is intended as finished interior or exterior surfaces and is specified with highly prescribed finish characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
| Involve the scrubbing and hosing of concrete surfaces shortly after the initial set of the concrete to remove the cement paste from the surface and reveal the aggregate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Joints between pours can be concealed gracefully with recesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| A tool with a moving chain, belt, wire, straight blade, or circular blade whose cutting action is carried out by diamonds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Derive their stiffness and strength from the folding or scalloping of a thin concrete plate to increase its rigidity and structural depth without adding material (Folded Plate) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Derive their stiffness and strength from the folding or scalloping of a thin concrete plate to increase its rigidity and structural depth without adding material |
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