Composition of concrete:

Aggregate sand cement and water

Has a "_______" nature no inherent shape

1) uses steel byproducts

2) cinders instead of aggregate, darker gray

Psi

take conical form made from metal and fill it with concrete and tamp it down and then lift it up and then measure how much it oozes down

·        Doesn’t slump enough, too dry

·        Slumps too much, too wet

Compression test

Footing

Footing types:

continuous: most common

stepped: if going along terrain

rebar

anchor bolt

pilaster

chair block

poured concrete finishes:

float finish skim across with type of mop

rock salt pockmarked throw rock salt on concrete as it dries, provide traction like pool decks

steel troweled perfectly smooth

exposed aggregate wash off top

broom finish provides texture

reinforcing bars (rebars)

compression

tension

concrete better at compression than tension, steel is equally good at both, use just enough steel that when pulling occurs it stays together

wwm=

most concrete

concrete slabs

gravel or compacted sand, moisture barrier (black or clear plastic), wwm, concrete

concrete breathes,

the average concrete slab is __ inches thick

4

6 is only if you have something pretty hefty

concrete joints 

control joint

construction joint

isolation joint

must have expansion joint if concrete against concrete

concrete beam

weight on the beam on top is compression, tension on bottom, put rebars toward the bottom’

pre-cast slabs makes larger scale production quicker, more expensive

solid flat slab

hollow core slab could run electrical cords through, much lighter

double tee

single tee

concrete block® standard comes 8x8x16 (includes mortar joint)

cells are the holes, make it lighter, rebar, insulation, electrical or

full block

half block

pilaster block

jamb block®for doors

lintel block®at the top of a wall instead of double top plate

block coursing

block dimensions that don’t require cutting of blocks

even number of feet

even number of feet plus eight inches

odd number of feet plus 4 (1’-4” = one block)

block reinforcement

ublock with rebar filled with concrete

vertical reinforcing, rebar in single cell and then fill the entire column with concrete

concrete lintels and sills

can be precast, must have 8” bearing on each side of the opening

sills

sustainability

rastra concrete with recycled polystyrene (old coffee cups and packing peanuts)(trapping air)

icfr insulating concrete forms,

pollution eater concrete additive that eats pollution       

attaching drywall to concrete

glass blocks

·        works just like concrete block, mortar and horizontal reinforcement

stucco cement material,  

·        mission structures, craftsman bungalows

dryvit looks like stucco but isn’t

·        can be bashed in

·        if not installed properly mold  can get in

-Common/Builder

-used brick

-Norman:longer and used for large construction

-paver: thin and used over concrete

-fire: dense, white, heavy, w/stand high temp.

-adobe: hand made with mud

16 inches OC

and on every 6 courses

1) Flashing

2)Weephole

-strong in compression

-easily carved

-easily stained

-needs to avoid intense heat

-avoid placing next to copper, bronze and steel

rock formed by water/wind

examples are:

limestone and sandstone

igneous  or sedimentary rock that has been transformed by heat or pressure

examples are

slate, marble, and crystallized limestone

The Crystal Palace by Joesph Paxton 1851

it was destroyed by fire

The Eiffel Tower

by Gustave Eiffel in 1889

The Home Insurance Company

"Father of the Skyscraper"

 in 1885

-high carbon iron contents

-made with molten iron and cas in a mold

-hardness high compression low tensile strength

-"pure" iron

-forged or hammered thus more maliable and tougher than cast iron

-corrosive and heat resitant

it is the thickness of tin foil but heavy duty and durable.

It comes in the same sizes as wood studs both nominal and real.

There is no need for a double top plate everything is just screwed in.

On test!!!

Roofs also help to

80% of all building related lawsuits are related to

Flat roof

(no roof is completely flat there is always a slope for rain drainage)

3 Important Trusses to know

1)Common Truss

2) Scissor Truss

3) Mono Pitch Truss

Flat roofs can be constructed with

Built-up roof or single membrane roof

Pitched Roofs can be covered with

Thatch

Shingles

 -

-clay tiles

-concrete tiles

-wood shakes

-slate will last longer than any other tile, must be put on one at a time

And standing seam metal.

One square for a roof =

High end gutters are