Facts -  A walking patrol officer spotted two men near a street corner talking quietly and then one of them walk

Facts - Officers of a nacotics task force spotted Wardlow standing in a high narcotics activity holding an opaque bag. When they approached in an unmarked car he realized the reality a

Facts - DEA officials at La Guardia airport received a tip that a man carrying two bags would be trafficking drugs. They spooted him and let him claim the two bags before they approached. He did not consent to the s

 Facts – Two Memphis police responded to a prowler call and found a man crouched beside the home. He ran and stood at the base of a chain link fence. When he crouched in order to jump the fen

Facts – Members of the Laguna Beach Police Dep. Believed that Mr. Greenwood was selling drugs out of his home. They asked the trash collectors to pick to keep his bads sepa

Facts - Border Patrol Officer Cantu was doing a causal search of a Greyhound Bus by walking up and down the aisle. He was pushing on bags for suspicious material and manipulated a green duffel bag with a hard object

Facts – Two officers respond to a call that drugs are being sold from an apartment complex. The police pull up and stop a suspect who is seen running away. The officers do a weapons search and find a small bag

Facts- Traffic stop by the highway patrol found a syringe in the driver’s pocket which he stated was “for personal use.” The officer decided to search the vehicle and found a women’s purse th

Facts  – An police officer hears a man setting up a drug transaction and the men drives away. The officer follows waiting for him to make a traffic infraction which he did. When he got pulled

Facts - Police following a tip by an informant track a bombing suspect to a house owned by Ms. Mapp. They try to enter but when confronted and asked for a warrant they cannot produce one. Her lawyer agrees that she

residence where it happened. They find sets of stereos that are

Facts – Roy Olmstead was suspected of bootlegging which was in violation of the national prohibition act. Using evidence obtained through long term wiretapping they collected evidence that revealed a conspirac

Facts – Charles Katz was using a public pay phone to make illegal bets on the East Coast. The FBI placed a listening device on the exterior of the phone booth and used his side of the conversation to convict h

Facts - In 1966, Ernesto Arturo Miranda was arrested for rape. He later confessed to robbery and attempted rape under interrogation by police. At trial, prosecutors offered only his confession as evidence. Miranda w

Facts - Patrice Seibert was supsected in a fatality arson. After forty minutes of questioning she made incriminating statements. The officer then left for twenty minutes and came back into the room where she reminde

Facts- Muniz was pulled over by a state patrol officer and was confronted about his intoxication. He said that he was pulling over to urinate and the officer instructed him to “sleep it off.” When the of