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Constitution
amendments and law
31
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2008

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Term
1st amendment
Definition
religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly
Term
2nd amendment
Definition
militia plus right to keep and bear arms
Term
3rd amendment
Definition
no quartering of soldiers during peacetime
Term
4th amendment
Definition
no unreasonable searches and seizures (response to writs of assistance)
Term
exclusionary rule
Definition
evidence obtained in an illegal search is inadmissible in court
Term
exceptions to warrant requirement
Definition
plain view doctrine and open fields doctrine, among others
Term
5th amendment
Definition
no person shall be held to answer for a capital crime unless by indictment of a Grand Jury; double jeopardy; be a witness against oneself; be deprived of life, liberty without due process; take private property for public use
Term
eminent domain
Definition
-> 5th amendment, private property may be taken for public use if "just compensation" is paid
Term
6th amendment
Definition
speedy and public trial by jury in the same state as the crime, to cross-examine, and to attorney
Term
7th amendment
Definition
right to a jury in civil trials
Term
Reconstruction amendments
Definition
13th (banning slavery)
14th (equal protection, citizenship, due process, etc.)
15th (race-based voting qualifications)
Term
8th amendment
Definition
prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment
Term
9th amendment
Definition
underrated, IMHO. unenumerated rights, i.e., the enumeration of rights does not imply that the government steps in to fill in the gaps where gaps exist. the citizen fills them herself. you don't have to specifically ban an activity in order to know that it's illegal. e.g., forced sterilization.
Term
10th amendment
Definition
powers not specifically designated to the US are reserved to the States or the people
Term
11th amendment
Definition
a state cannot be sued by citizens of another state or country (1795)
Term
12th amendment
Definition
procedures for electing POTUS and VEEP, as a response to the Jackson/Adams controversy of 1800 (1804)
Term
13th amendment
Definition
abolished slavery (Dec 1865), added permanency to the Emancipation Proclamation, which otherwise may have been interpreted as a temporary war measure
Term
14th amendment
Definition
broad citizenship (includes ex-slaves), equal protection, due process (1868)
Term
15th amendment
Definition
no prevention of voting based on race or previous state of servitude (1870)
Term
16th amendment
Definition
gives Congress the right to levy an income tax (1913)
Term
17th amendment
Definition
direct election of senators, rather than chosen by state legislatures (1913)
Term
18th amendment
Definition
established prohibition (1919)
Term
19th amendment
Definition
women's suffrage (1920)
Term
20th amendment
Definition
the beginning and ending of terms, i.e., noon of January 20th (Jan. 1933). It used to be May 4, which delayed the new president from taking action during a time of crisis (see 1861 and 1933).
Term
21st amendment
Definition
repealed the 18th (Dec. 1933), *only amendment ratified by state conventions, rather than state legislatures
Term
22nd amendment
Definition
term limits on the presidency (1951). If you've served less than 2 years after having taken over for an assassinated president, for example, you can be elected to two terms. More than two years, only one subsequent term.
Term
23rd amendment
Definition
Washington D.C. can choose electors for President and Vice President (1961)
Term
24th amendment
Definition
prohibits poll tax (1962)
Term
25th amendment
Definition
(1967) deals with succession and filling Veep vacancies, invoked 6 times (1 - Ford's filling Spiro Agnew's position. 2 - Ford's succession of Nixon. 3 - Appointment of Rockefeller to the vacancy left by Ford. 4 - Acting President GHWBush. 5 and 6 - Acting President Dick Cheney.)
Term
26th amendment
Definition
voting age of 18 (1971). response to student activism of Vietnam War
Term
27th amendment
Definition
change in salaries of members of congress take effect after the next election. Ratified in 1992, 202 year after its submission by Madison.
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