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| religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly |
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| militia plus right to keep and bear arms |
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| no quartering of soldiers during peacetime |
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| no unreasonable searches and seizures (response to writs of assistance) |
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| evidence obtained in an illegal search is inadmissible in court |
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| exceptions to warrant requirement |
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| plain view doctrine and open fields doctrine, among others |
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| no person shall be held to answer for a capital crime unless by indictment of a Grand Jury; double jeopardy; be a witness against oneself; be deprived of life, liberty without due process; take private property for public use |
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| -> 5th amendment, private property may be taken for public use if "just compensation" is paid |
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| speedy and public trial by jury in the same state as the crime, to cross-examine, and to attorney |
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| right to a jury in civil trials |
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| Reconstruction amendments |
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Definition
13th (banning slavery)
14th (equal protection, citizenship, due process, etc.)
15th (race-based voting qualifications) |
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| prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment |
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| underrated, IMHO. unenumerated rights, i.e., the enumeration of rights does not imply that the government steps in to fill in the gaps where gaps exist. the citizen fills them herself. you don't have to specifically ban an activity in order to know that it's illegal. e.g., forced sterilization. |
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| powers not specifically designated to the US are reserved to the States or the people |
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| a state cannot be sued by citizens of another state or country (1795) |
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| procedures for electing POTUS and VEEP, as a response to the Jackson/Adams controversy of 1800 (1804) |
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| abolished slavery (Dec 1865), added permanency to the Emancipation Proclamation, which otherwise may have been interpreted as a temporary war measure |
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| broad citizenship (includes ex-slaves), equal protection, due process (1868) |
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| no prevention of voting based on race or previous state of servitude (1870) |
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| gives Congress the right to levy an income tax (1913) |
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| direct election of senators, rather than chosen by state legislatures (1913) |
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| established prohibition (1919) |
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| the beginning and ending of terms, i.e., noon of January 20th (Jan. 1933). It used to be May 4, which delayed the new president from taking action during a time of crisis (see 1861 and 1933). |
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Term
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| repealed the 18th (Dec. 1933), *only amendment ratified by state conventions, rather than state legislatures |
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Term
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| term limits on the presidency (1951). If you've served less than 2 years after having taken over for an assassinated president, for example, you can be elected to two terms. More than two years, only one subsequent term. |
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Term
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| Washington D.C. can choose electors for President and Vice President (1961) |
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| prohibits poll tax (1962) |
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| (1967) deals with succession and filling Veep vacancies, invoked 6 times (1 - Ford's filling Spiro Agnew's position. 2 - Ford's succession of Nixon. 3 - Appointment of Rockefeller to the vacancy left by Ford. 4 - Acting President GHWBush. 5 and 6 - Acting President Dick Cheney.) |
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Term
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Definition
| voting age of 18 (1971). response to student activism of Vietnam War |
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Term
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| change in salaries of members of congress take effect after the next election. Ratified in 1992, 202 year after its submission by Madison. |
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