Term
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Definition
1. Capture/holding
2. Disease testing
3. monitoring
4. wandering animals
5. habitat management
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Term
| Steps in elk restoration process |
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Definition
1. biological and social assessment of feasibility
2. identify restoration area
3. identify source of animals & restoration protocols
4. release marked animals
5. have a protocol for animals outside restoration area
6. provide suitable habitat
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Term
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Definition
1. Representation
2. Resiliency
3. Redundancy
4. Reality
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Term
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Definition
| A program designed to aid in systematic reserve design or conservation planning |
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Term
| Guiding principles of conservation biology |
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Definition
1. evolution is the basis for ecology
2. ecological world is dynamic
3. humans are the key to successful conservation
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Term
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Definition
| process of assisting the recovery of degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems |
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Term
| Traditional vs. Ecosystem approach to managing resources |
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Definition
Traditional: emphasis on protected areas, equilibrium perspective, predictability and control
Ecosystem: emphasis on balance between commodities, amenities, and ecological integrity, non-equilibrium perspective, uncertainty and flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
| the vaariety of life forms at all levels of biological systems |
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Term
| Major threats to biodiversity |
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Definition
| habitat degradation, habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change |
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Term
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Definition
The decision to create or preserve a Single Large area Or Several Small areas.
Depends on your objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who want or should be included in the decision making process. |
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Term
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Definition
| A field of science that interprets and evaluates restoraion projects and may lead to improved methods of restoration for populations, communities, & ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to conservation that calls for increased collaboration, partnerships, perspective planning, and proactive methods in maintaining ecosystem function. |
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Term
| Cons of extinction rates based on Island Biogeography |
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Definition
1. Doesn't account for the current number of species
2. Has the tendency to over apply
3. Lacks the mechanism to explain patterns |
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Term
| Rules of thumb for genetic diversity |
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Definition
1. The smaller the population the greater the disparity in gene frequencies between generations
2. The lower the frequency of an allele in the parent generation the more likely it is to be lost.
3. The higher the frequency of an allele in the parent generation the more likely it is to be fixed in the progeny generation |
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Term
| Sources of process variation in a PVA model |
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Definition
1. Demographic variation: smaller populations are more likely to go extinct than large ones, decrease in population persistence
2. Individual variation: increase in individual variation, increase in population persistence
3. Spatial variation: increase in spatial variation, increase or decrease in population persistence depending on immigration and emigration rates
4. Temporal variation: increase in temporal variation, decrease in population persistence |
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Term
| Considerations when designing a protected area |
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Definition
Distinctiveness:communities with rare endemics, taxonomically distinct species, populations with unusual genetic characteristics
Utility:species with present or potential value to humans
Protectionism:Where/ what do we protect?
Endangerment: species in danger of extinction, communities threatened with destruction |
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Term
| Approaches used when deciding which geographies need protection |
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Definition
1. Biodiversity indicator: presence of certain organisms used to predict high biodiversity
2. Species approach: whether populations of indicator, flagship, or umbrella species exist or not
3. Hotspots approach: areas with great biodiversity, high concentrations of endemics, and a high loss of habitat
4. Ecoregion and community approach:ecosystems more critical to local human populations
5. Zero extinction approach:prevent extinctions by identifying and safeguarding key sites where species are in imminent danger of disappearing |
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Term
| systematic conservation planning approach |
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Definition
| Set quantitative conservation objectives, minimize resources used while meeting objectives, and maximize coverage given a fixed amount of resources |
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Term
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Definition
| offsite conservation efforts in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens used to inform and improve conservation efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| Views the economy as a subset whose imputs and exputs are balanced |
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Term
| structured decision making |
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Definition
| a formal method for analyzing a decision. It involves stakeholders working together to decide on a management strategy. It deals explicitly with uncertainty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Iterated decision making in the face of structural uncertainty with a focus on reducing that uncertainty. Make multiple decisions instead of one long term decision. |
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Term
| Types of uncertainty associated with decision making |
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Definition
1. Partial observability: seeing the system in it's apparent state, not real state
2. Environmental stochasticity: random, unpredictable variation around a mean response
3.Partial controllability: inability to carry out a targeted action
4. Structural uncertainty: inability to state an average system response to an action. |
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Term
| Steps in structured decision making |
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Definition
1. define the problem
2. define the issues, objectives, and evaluation criteria
3. develop alternatives
4. estimate the consequences
5. make trade-offs and select
6. implement and monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| attempts to meet economic objectives in was that don't degrade the underlying environmental support system. |
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Term
| Idealized roles for a scientist in decision making |
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Definition
1. Pure scientist: looks at pure research with no consideration for use or utility
2. Issue advocate: iplications of research for a particular poliical agenda
3. Science arbiter: stays removed from politics but makes informed decisions based on science.
4. Honest broker: integrates science with stakeholder concerns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking that a system can take environmental processes and bounce back |
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