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Conservation Biology Final
Important Terms for Dr. Latta's Final
39
Biology
Undergraduate 3
07/29/2010

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Term
background extinction rate
Definition
1/2 species/ yr.
3-4 families/ MY
Term
synergistic effects
Definition
the sum of two conditions stregthens them both ie. bark beetles survive better in higher temps
Term
rivet hypothesis
Definition
the rivets in an airplane wing. You can lose a few species but losing too many will eventually cause the destruction of the biosystem (wing)
Term
Romantic-Transcendental ethic
Definition
Emerson and Thoreau and Muir. Nature has healing powers (quasi-religious)
Term
Resource Conservation Ethic
Definition
Gifford Pinchot. Utilitarian philosophy. resources should be used for greatest good for greatest amount of people
Term
Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic
Definition
Nature is not a collection of individual parts. Led to Eco-system management
Term
Society for Conservation Biology
Definition
organization dedicated to promoting the scientific study of the phenomena that affect the maintenance, loss, and restoration of biological diversity.
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
various lifeforms in a given ecosystem
Term
alpha diversity
Definition
the number of species in a given community
Term
gamma diversity
Definition
total species richness over a large area or region
Term
beta diversity
Definition
gamma/alpha
Term
species richness
Definition
number of species
Term
species accumulation curve
Definition
will slowly level off if you took a large enough sample size
Term
evenness or equitability
Definition
measure of biodiversity of a community. 40 dogs and 42 ducks is even but 40 dogs and 1000 ducks isnt
Term
Simpson's Index
Definition
I used the equation 1/(the sum of Pi2) for these calculations. Pi is the percent of each species in the total population
Term
numerical dominance
Definition
what is the percent dominance of the first species, the first two, the first three?
Term
community similarity
Definition
in two or more communities, how many species are similiar
Term
heterozygous
Definition
receive different alleles from each parent
Term
homozygous
Definition
receive same allele of gene from each parent
Term
gene flow
Definition
the transfer of new alleles between populations, and the formation of new genetic combinations
Term
morphospecies
Definition
if it looks different you have a different species
Term
phylogenic species concept
Definition
taxa are different species if they can be distinguished on the basis of phenotype or genotype
Term
biological species concept
Definition
two organisms are the same species if they can produce viable offspring. Ernst Mayr
Term
Terry Erwin
Definition
Fogged the canopy to look at insects
Term
Encyclopaedia of life
Definition
online reference source for 1.8 million species
Term
E.O. Wilson
Definition
conservationalist
Term
Robert MacArthur
Definition
and E.O Wilson came up with the theory of island biogeography
Term
CITES
Definition
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Three Appendices on severity of extinction
Term
Equilibrium Theory of Biogeography
Definition
large islands tned to have greater number of species than smaller islands because of two factors: Distance to mainland and and that immigration and extinction rates are affected by the size of the island
Term
Johann reinhold forster
Definition
first to see the link between island size and species number
Term
Alphonse de Candolle
Definition
first to say that the breakup of large landmass into smaller units will lead to the extinction of one or more species
Term
immigration and emigration
Definition
when immigration and emigration are balanced then the species number is in equilibrium
Term
propagule
Definition
minimal number of species capable of successfully colonizing a habitable island
Term
colonization
Definition
the successful establishment of an immigrant species, where breeding and population increase are accomplished
Term
turnover rate
Definition
the number of species extinct and replaced per unit time
Term
conceptual islands
Definition
when studying the number of species per unit of area, the species increase linearly with the log of the area
Term
species area curves
Definition
increase rapidly at low numbers but then level off as size of island increases
Term
Distance Effect and Simberloff
Definition
he gassed two islands one close and one far, and it proved that closer islands get more species
Term
Jared Diamond
Definition
believes that one large area of land is better than smaller subunits of the land because species richness increases with habitat area
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