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Definition
| the person's subjective experience of the world and the mind |
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by Daniel Dennett.
after philosopher Rene Descartes.
a mental screen or stage on which things appear to be presented for viewing by the mind's eye. |
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| how things seem to the conscious person |
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| the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others |
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Rene Descartes
mind and body are different substances.
the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.
our mind leads to our brains and bodies, but the order can be the other way around |
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| INTENTIONALITY OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
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| the quality of consciousness's being directed toward an object |
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| the resistance of consciousness to division |
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| COCKTAIL PARTY PHENOMENON |
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| people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby |
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| SELECTIVITY OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
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| the conscious system is most inclined to select information of special interest to the person |
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| a task in which people wear headphones hear different messages presented to each other. In selectivity of consciousness, research participants are more likely to notice if their own name is spoken into the unattended ear. |
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| TRANSIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
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| the tendency of consciousness to change. |
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represent the state of consciousness.
bounces on sth (intentionality), only one ball (unity), selects one target and not others (selectivity), and keep bouncing all the time (transience). |
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| a low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when he mind inputs sensations and may output behavior. |
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| consciousness IN WHICH YOU KNOW AND ARE ABLE TO REPORT YOUR MENTAL STATE |
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| a distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object. |
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| the time when children have self-consciousness |
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| experience sampling technique |
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| people are asked to report their conscious experiences at particular times. |
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consciousness is dominated by immediate environment, what is seen, felt, heard, tasted, and smelled.
consciousness beyond this orientation to the environment is current concerns, or what the person is thinking about repeatedly. |
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| Intentionality, Unity, Selectivity and Transience of consciousness |
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Definition
| 4 basic property of consciousness |
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| Minimal consciousness, full consciousness, self-consciousness |
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Definition
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| Intentionality, Unity, Selectivity and Transience of consciousness |
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| 4 basic property of consciousness |
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| Minimal consciousness, full consciousness, self-consciousness |
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| the attempt to change conscious states of mind. |
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| the conscious avoidance of a thought |
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| rebound effect of thought suppression |
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Definition
| the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression. |
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| ironic process of mental control |
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Definition
mental process that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.
not present in consciousness |
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| Freudian unconscious -> dynamic unconscious |
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Definition
| an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces. |
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| Freudian unconscious -> repression |
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| a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious. |
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Definition
| all the metal process that are not experienced by the person but that give rise to the person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person |
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| Cognitive unconscious -> subliminal perception |
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Definition
| a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving. |
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| ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
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Definition
| Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind |
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| a sudden quiver or sensation of dropping, though missing a step on a staircase |
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| a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle. |
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| stage 1 and 2 of sleep, stage 2 with sleep spindles and K complexes |
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| paradoxical sleep, saw-tooth waves (resemble the beta waves of waking) |
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| EEG moves to frequency patterns even lower than alpha waves (theta) |
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| Five stages of sleep -> first stage |
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| patterns are interrupted by short bursts of activity called sleep spindles and K complexes |
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Definition
| 5 stages of sleep -> second stage |
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| slow-wave sleep, EEEG patterns show activity called delta waves |
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Definition
| 5 stages of sleep -> stage 3/4 |
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a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.
EEG patterns become high-frequency saw-tooth waves, similar to beta waves, suggesting that the mind at this time is as active as it is during waking. Proved to have more dreams |
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Definition
| 5 stages of sleep -> REM sleep |
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Term
New borns: 6-8 times total 16 hours
6 year-old: 12 hours
adults 7-7.5 hours
average: 1 hour sleep/2 hours awake |
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Definition
| Benefits of a good night sleep |
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| brain activity precedes activities of conscious mind |
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Definition
| research suggest about brain activity and activity of conscious mind |
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Consciousness is dominated by immediate environment.
Much of Consciousness beyond this orientation to the environment turns to the person's current concerns, or what the person is thinking about repeatedly. |
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Definition
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reduce mental acuity and reaction time
increase irritability, depression
increase risk of accidents and injury
tired, fatigued, hypersentitive to bones and muscle pains |
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Definition
| consequences of sleep deprivation |
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Term
| 6: insomnia, sleep apnea, somnambulism, night terrors, narcolepsy, sleep paralysis |
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Definition
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| difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep |
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| a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep |
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| sleepwalking, happens when the person arises and walks around while asleep |
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| a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of walking activities |
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| the experience of waking up unable to move |
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Definition
or sleep terrors
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal |
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intense emotion,
illogical thoughts,
fully formed, meaningful sensation,
uncritical acceptance,
difficulty in remembering |
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Definition
| five major characteristics of dream consciousness |
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| dream theory -> manifest content |
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Definition
| a dream's apparent topic or superficial meaning |
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| dream theory -> latent content |
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| a dream's true underlying meaning |
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| dreams harbor unwanted thoughts |
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Definition
| Freud's theory about dreams, that resembles the study of dream suppression by Wegner, Wenzlaff and Kozak |
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activation-synthesis model
Hobson and McCarley |
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Definition
| the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep. |
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Definition
| a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system |
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Definition
| the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect |
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| PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE (some withdrawal symptoms) |
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Definition
| pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms accompany withdrawal |
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Definition
| a strong desire to return to the drug although physical withdrawal symptoms are gone |
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| substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system |
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can produce both physical and psychological dependence
increase GABA (inhibit the transmission of neural impulses) |
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Definition
| the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations |
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Definition
| behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus |
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Definition
| a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations |
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Term
5
depressants
stimulants
narcotics,
hallucinogens,
marijuana |
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Definition
| types of psychoactive drugs |
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Term
alcohol
barbiturates/benzodiazepines
toxic inhalants |
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Definition
| kinds of drugs in depressants |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels |
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| caffeine, amphetamines, nicotine, cocaine, and ecstasy (MDMA)and sometimes have a legitimate pharmaceutical purpose. |
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Definition
| kinds of drugs in stimulants |
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Term
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Definition
| increases level of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain -> increase alertness and energy, produce an euphoric sense of confidence and a kind of agitated motivation to get things done |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. |
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| powerful, long term use produces both tolerance and dependence. |
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Definition
| addictive properties of narcotics |
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| brain's endorphin receptors are artificially flooded, reducing the receptor effectiveness and possibly also depressing the production of endorphins |
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Definition
| when people use narcotics |
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Definition
| drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations |
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Definition
| don't induce significant tolerance or dependence, and overdose deaths are rare. |
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Definition
| the leaves and buds of the hemp plant, produces intoxication that is mildly hallucinogenic. euphoric, heightened sense of sight and sound and the perception of a rush of ideas. |
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Definition
Affects judgement and short-term memory
Impairs motor skills and coordination, stimulate overeating |
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| addition potential is not strong, tolerance doesn't seem to develop, physical withdrawal symptoms are minimal. |
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Definition
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| an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one's actions are occurring involuntarily. |
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| the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget |
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| the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis |
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| the practice of intentional contemplation |
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