Term
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Definition
| biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours. |
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Term
| Examples of Circadian Rhythms |
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Definition
| Blood pressure, secretion of different hormones, and pain sensitivity (peak & dip each day) |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain-wave pattern associated with alert wakefulness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness & drowsiness |
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Term
| What brain waves are associated with Stage 1 of sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain waves are associated with Stage 2 of sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 3: What % of brain activity are Delta Waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 4: What % of brain activity are Delta Waves? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stage 2; brief bursts of brain acitivy |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage 2; single high-voltage spikes of brain activity |
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Term
| Hypnagogic Hallucinations |
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Definition
| brief, vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the transition to light sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 stages, lasts first 50-70 minutes of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain becomes more active, generating smaller & faster brain waves. Dreams occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| A temporary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening. |
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Term
| When do sleep cycles begin? |
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Definition
| The last trimester of prenatal development. |
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Term
| When do the typical 90-minute sleep cycles begin? |
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Definition
| Over the first few years of life. |
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Term
| At age 2 how long are sleep cycles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Restorative Theory of Sleep |
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Definition
| Sleep promotes physiological processes that restore and rejuvenate the body and mind. |
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Term
| What is NREM for in the Restorative Theory of Sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is REM for in the Restorative Theory of Sleep? |
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Definition
| Restoring the brain and mental functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Sleep patterns exhibited by different animals, including humans, are the result of evolutionary adaptation. |
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Term
| What have sleep deprivation studies taught us? |
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Definition
| People who go without sleep for a day or more also experience disruptions in mood, mental abilities, reaction time, perceptual skills, and complex motor skills. |
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Term
| What kind of memories are formed during NREM sleep? |
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Definition
| Episodic memories (personal experiences? |
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Term
| What kind of memories are formed during REM sleep and NREM stage 2? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Serious disturbances in the normal sleep pattern that interfere with daytime functioning and cause distress |
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Term
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Definition
| Sleep disorders involving disruptions in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Sleep disorders characterized by arousal or activity during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which the person stops breathing during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses of sleep during the day |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden loss of voluntary muscle strength and control that is usually triggered by an intense emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special class of neurotransmitters produced during the daytime to maintain a steady state of wakefulness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor your intake of stimulants, establish a quiet bedtime routine, create the conditions for restful sleep, establish a consistent sleep-wake schedule. |
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Term
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Definition
| A storylike episode of unfolding mental imagery during sleep. |
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Term
| Freud's Theory Regarding Dreams |
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Definition
| Disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes; release of unconscious and unacceptable urges. |
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Term
| Freud's Theory of Dreams: Manifest Content |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud's Theory of Dreams: Latent Content |
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Definition
| the disguised psychological meaning of the dream |
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Term
| Who created the activation-synthesis model of dreaming? |
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Definition
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Term
| Activation-Synthesis model of dreaming |
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Definition
| The experience of dreaming sleep is due to the automatic activation of brainstem circuits at the base of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Unsure; yawning is typically followed by an increase of activity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What can I do to stifle my yawning? |
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Definition
| Breathe through nose, cool pack on head. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do the things people say when they talk in their sleep make any sense? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it true that "sleeping on a problem" can help you solve a difficult decision? |
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Definition
| Very common. But not research approved. |
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Term
| Is it dangerous to wake a sleepwalker? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is quite possible that mammals dream. |
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Term
| What do blind people see when they dream? |
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Definition
| Dreams involve other sensations-sound, taste, smell, & touch. |
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Term
| Is it possible to control your dreams? |
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Definition
| Yes, if you have a lucid dream (become aware that you are dreaming while you're asleep). |
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Term
| Can you predict the future with your dreams? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are dreams in color or black & white? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions with changes in perception, memory, & behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A suggestion made during hypnosis that the person should carry out a specific instruction after the hypnotic session. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to recall specific information because of a hypnotic session. |
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Term
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Definition
| The supposed enhancement of a person's memory for past events through a hypnotic session. |
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Term
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Definition
| The splitting of consciousness into 2 or more simultaneous streams of mental activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowered physiological arousal, decrease in heart rate, lowered blood pressure, and changes in brain waves. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response. |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| The natural stimulus that reflexively elicits a response without prior learning. |
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Term
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
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Definition
| The unlearned, reflexive response that is elicited. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| a formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the capacity to elicit a reflexive response. |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| The learned, reflexive response to a CS. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| School of psychology that emphasizes the scientific study of observable behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus also elicit the conditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a particular conditioned response is made to one stimulus, but not the other, similar stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of conditioned behavior. Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented with the conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reliable signals with rats. |
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Term
| Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning |
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Definition
| Classical-involuntary, Operant-Voulntary |
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Term
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Definition
| Explains learning as a process in which behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. |
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Term
| Who studied taste aversions |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created the law of effect with operant conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Responses followed by a satisfying effect become strengthened and are more likely to recur in a particular situation, while responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to recur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adding something to reinforce a good behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking something away to reinforce a good behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| adding something negative to help stop behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking away something positive to try to stop bad behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that is naturally or inherently reinforcing. Such as food, water, or other biological necessities. |
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Term
| Secondary (Conditioned) Reinforcer |
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Definition
| One that has acquired reinforcing value by being associated with a primary reinforcer (example: money). |
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Term
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Definition
| The specific stimulus in the presence of which a particular operant is more likely to be reinforced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until that behavior is displayed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement in which every occurrence of a particular response is reinforced. |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which the occurrence of a particular response is only sometimes followed by a reinforcer. |
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Term
| Extinction (in operant conditioning) |
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Definition
| the gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior. Occurs when an emitted behavior is no longer followed by a reinforcer. |
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Term
| Schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| The delivery of reinforcer according to a preset pattern based on the number of reponses or the time interval between responses. |
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Term
| Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule |
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Definition
| Reinforcer is delivered after a fixed number of responses has occured. |
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Term
| Variable-Ration (VR) schedule |
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Definition
| Reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses, which varies unpredictably. |
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Term
| Fixed Interval (FI) schedule |
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Definition
| Reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after a preset time interval has elapsed. |
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Term
| Variable-Interval (VI) schedule |
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Definition
| Reinforcer is delivered for the first reponse that occurs after an average time interval, varies unpredictably. |
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Term
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Definition
| Martin Seligman, a phenomenon in which exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events produces passive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning that takes place through observing the actions of others. |
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Term
| Who did the Bobo doll experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Came up with the idea of a child's mental age to identify students who need special help. |
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Term
| Who created the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale |
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Definition
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Term
| How to calculate IQ per Terman |
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Definition
| Mental Age/Actual age times 100 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Designed to measure a person's level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in aparticular area |
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Term
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Definition
| A test designed to assess a person's capacity to benefit from education or training. |
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Term
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Definition
| The administration of a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a test to produce consistent results when adminitered or repeated occassions under similiar conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure. |
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Term
| What theory of intelligence did Charles Spearman come up with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory of intelligence did Louis Thurstone come up with? |
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Definition
| intelligence is a cluster of abilities. |
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Term
| What theory of intelligence did Robert Sternberg come up with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| Sternberg's theory that there are 3 forms of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical |
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