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| A group of people who share a set of characteristics - typically, but not always, physical ones - and are said to share a common bloodline |
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| The belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits |
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| Nineteenth-century theories of race that characterize a period of feverish investigation into the origins, explanations, and classifications of race |
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| The belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own |
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| The philosophical and religious notion that everyone is created equal |
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| The application of Darwinian ideas to society, namely, the evolutionary "survival of the fittest" |
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| Literally meaning "well born"; the theory of controlling the fertility of populations to influence inheritable traits passed on from generation to generation |
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| Movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture form the allegedly dangerous and polluting effects of new immigrants |
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| The belief that "one drop" of black blood makes a person black, a concept that evolved from US laws forbidding miscegenation |
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| The technical term for interracial marriage; literally meaning "a mixing of kinds"; it is politically and historically charged - sociologists generally prefer exogamy or outmarriage |
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| The formation of a new racial identity in which ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people |
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| One's ethnic quality of affiliation. It is voluntary, self-defined, nonhierarchical, fluid, and multiple, and based on cultural differences, not physical ones per se. |
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| A nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but of identifying with a past or future nationality. For later generations of white ethnics, something not constraining but easily expressed, with no risks of stigma and all the pleasures of feeling like an individual |
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| Straight-Line Assimilation |
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| Robert Park's 1920s universal and linear model for how immigrants assimilate: they first arrive, then settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogenous country |
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| Clifford Geertz's term to explain the strength of ethnic ties because they are fixed in deeply felt or primordial ties to one's homeland culture |
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| The presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society |
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| The legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity |
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| The mass killing of a group of people based on racial, ethnic, or religious traits |
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| Describes a subordinate, oppressed group of people |
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| An organized effort to change a power hierarchy on the part of a less-powerful group in a society |
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| Thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group |
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| Harmful or negative acts (not mere thoughts) against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category without regard to their individual merit |
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| Institutions and social dynamics that may seem race-neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups |
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