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| a connection or linkage between the representations of 2 events (two stimuli or a stimulus and a response) so that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of other |
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| Declarative or episodic learning |
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| learning about a specific event or fact, usually accessible to consciousness |
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| the view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into 2 categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind, and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms |
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| A philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experience |
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| a temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behavior |
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| The philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the actions of organisms are determined entirely by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain |
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| An enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses |
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| A change in behavior caused by physical or physiological development of the organism in the absence of experience with particular environmental events |
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| A philosophy according to which human beings are born with innate ideas |
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| The philosophical position adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system |
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| A 3 letter combination (two consonants separated by a vowel) that has no meaning |
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| An organism's activities at a particular time |
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| Learning ways of doing things rather than learning about specific events. Procedural learning is typically governed by conscious controlled processes |
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| A mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific response |
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| same as primary process in the opponent process theory of motivation |
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| a neuron that transmits messages from sense organs to the central nervous system |
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| behavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulus |
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| same as opponent process in the opponent process theory of motivation |
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| behavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of behavior to consummation or completion |
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| reduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug |
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| a neuron that transmits impulses to muscles. Also called a motor neuron |
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| the second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search, in which the organism engages in behavior focuses on particular location or stimulus that is indicative of the presence of food. More closely related to food than general search |
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| the last component of the feeding behavior sequence, in which the organism handles and consumes the food. This is similar to what ethologists referred to as consummatory behavior |
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| the first component of feeding behavior sequence, in which the organism engages in nondirected locomotor behavior. this is a form of appetitive behavior |
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| a progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus |
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| A neural mechanism activated by repetitions of a stimulus that reduces the magnitude of responses elicited by that stimulus |
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| a neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from afferent (sensory) to efferent (motor) neurons |
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| modal action pattern (MAP) |
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| a response pattern exhibited by most, if not all, members of a species in much the same way. MAP are used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behavior |
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| A compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to the primary process elicited by biologically significant events. The opponent process causes physiological and behavioral changes that are the opposite of those caused by the primary process |
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| the first process that is elicited by a biologically significant stimulus. Also called the a process |
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| neural structures consisting of afferent (sensory) neuron, interneuron, and efferent (motor) neuron, that enable a stimulus to elicit a reflex response |
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| a specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a MAP in another organism |
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| an increase in the vigor or elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus or from exposure to strong extraneous stimulus |
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| a neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulus |
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| a temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulation |
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| recovery of a response produced by a period of rest after habituation or extinction |
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| the shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an eliciting stimulus and the muscles involved in making the elicited response |
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| neural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness, or readiness to respond, of the organism |
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| an artificially enlarged or exaggerated sign stimulus that elicits an unusually vigorous response. |
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