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Concepts of Disease
Blk 1
27
Pathology
Professional
09/04/2014

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Organic disease
Definition
a disease assoc with structural or morphological changes
Term
functional disease
Definition
a disease assoc with no morphological changes
Term
pathology
Definition
the study of the development of diseases, and of the structural and functional alterations, which result for disease, including the natural history of these changes
Term
etiology
Definition
study of disease but not synonymous with cause of a disease
Term
precipitation causes
Definition
those acutely changing conditioning factors, which permit the immediate cause to act
Term
predisposing causes
Definition
those general constitutional circumstances (age, sex, socioeconomic status, etc.), which pave the way for the immediate causes to act
Term
natural history of the disease
Definition
the usual course of a disease from beginning to end, without treatment
Term
lesions
Definition
the structural alterations, recognizable by gross and microscopic pathology; often serve to distinguish one disease from another; result in symptoms and signs
Term
symptoms
Definition
subjective complaints of the patient, such as pain, nausea, or weakness, ussually not subject to confirmation by the examiner, physician, dentist, or other health care professional
Term
signs
Definition
objective findings detected through physical or laboratory examination; first detected by the examiner at the time of the examination. sometimes noted by the pt and confirmed by the examiner
Term
examples of signs
Definition
tenderness, warmth, heart murmur, swelling of feet, or jaundice
Term
diagnosis
Definition
a determination of the nature of the disease process and the organ (s) and tissues (s) affected
Term
therapy
Definition
the interruption of the natural course of the disease through medical and/or surgical intervention
Term
prognosis
Definition
the prediction of the outcome of the disease, contingent upon an accurate diagnosis and based upon knowlege of the natural history of the disease and its response to therapy
Term
anatomic pathology
Definition
the study of the structural (morpological) chages of cells/tissues/organs in disease
Term
surgical pathology
Definition
the study of tissue removed from a living body, the biopsy
Term
cytopathology
Definition
the study of cells; it usual application is the exam of smears prepared from body secretons, especially those of oral cavity, lung & bronchi, breast, and prostate as a screening test for cancer in patients having no evidence of the disease
Term
necropsy (autopsy) pathology
Definition
the study of organs and tissues removed from the body post-mortemly (after death) to confirm or correct the diagnosis, evaluate the result of treatment, determine the mechanism of death, and extend the knowledge of diseases.
Term
inherited (hereditary) or familial disease
Definition
due to faults, which are transmitted from one or both parents to their offspring through the chromosomes
Term
degenerative diseases
Definition
generally considered to be the result of interruption of the blood supply flow to an area as well as aging or wear and tear
Term
immunological disease
Definition
result from either congenital or acquired alterations of immnity, hyperactivity or deficiency
Term
neoplastic diseases
Definition
those in which certain cells become "outlaw" cells, multiplying rapidly and invading and destroying surrounding tissues and cells, and often spreading to distant organs
Term
nutritional diseases
Definition
usually result from a dietary intake deficient in total amount (starvation) or in some essential ingredient (vitamin deficiency) or from excessive food intake (obesity)
Term
metabolic diseases
Definition
those in which certain physiologic processes become deranged; eg diabetes, hyperthyroidism
Term
molecular diseases
Definition
those metabolic diseases in which the molecular products of cellular activity are abnormal in composition; eg sickle cell anemia
Term
psychosomatic diseases
Definition
begin in the emotions and are mediated largely throgh the autonomic nervous system
Term
idiopathic and essential
Definition
terms when the cause of the disease is unknown
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