Term
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Definition
| The processes by which an animal takes in and makes use of (assimilates) feed components in order to carry out life processes, i.e. maintenance, growth, production, reproduction, and work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any food component, chemical, or constituent that aids in life processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that must be taken in through the diet. |
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Term
| Why must essential nutrients be gained through the diet? |
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Definition
| The body is unable to produce them, or produce enough of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that the body can synthesize on its own, or nearly enough of on its own. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that is required in relatively large amounts. |
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Term
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Definition
Water
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that is required in very small amounts. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Upon what does nutrient utilization depend? |
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Definition
Ingestion
Digestion and Fermentation
Absorption
Metabolism |
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Term
| In what animal was insulin discovered? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| List examples of non-ruminant animals: |
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Definition
| Poultry, swine, fish, pets, horses |
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Term
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Definition
| Multi-compartmental stomach |
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Term
| List examples of ruminant animals: |
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Definition
| Sheep, goats, cattle (dairy and beef) |
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Term
| In what form do plants use N? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do plants synthesize using N? |
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Definition
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Term
| From where do plants get their nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| From where do animals get their N? |
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Definition
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Term
| From where do animals get their fat? |
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Definition
| Fatty acids, essential mineral elements, vitamins, and source of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Any material included in an animal's diet or ration because of its nutritional value. |
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Term
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Definition
Cereal grains
By-product feeds
Forages and roughages
Protein feeds
Mineral supplements
Vitamin supplements
Feed additives |
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Term
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Definition
| Medication that has no (or very very little) nutritional value |
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Term
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Definition
| 24-hour allowance of feed or mixture of feed ingredients. |
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Term
| Can a feed be assumed to be nutritionally adequate? |
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Definition
| No. There is no one feed that is nutritionally balanced. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ration or diet that is implied to be nutritionally adequate to meet an animal's nutritional needs for a specific purpose. |
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Term
| Why are large amounts of feed required? |
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Definition
| To maintain weight. Even larger amounts are required to gain weight or increase production. |
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Term
| Insufficient nutrient intake results in what? |
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Definition
| Decrease in production, starvation, and possible death. |
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Term
| Excessive nutrient intake results in what? |
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Definition
| Increase in environmental pollution. |
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Term
| Excessive carbohydrate consumption results in what type of pollution? |
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Definition
| GHG - greenhouse gas - CH4: Methane - in cattle especially |
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Term
| Excessive N consumption results in what type of pollution? |
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Definition
NH3 - Ammonia
N2O - Nitrous Oxide |
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Term
| What is the most expensive feed type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do animals have a specific feed requirement? |
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Definition
| No. The actual feed is less important than the quantity and assortment of nutrients that the feed supplies. |
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Term
| What is the carrier of nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there any one feed considered nutritionally adequate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of toxic components can feeds contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes toxic components to grow on feed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major functions of nutrients? |
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Definition
Energy
Synthesis of tissue constituents
Cofactors for metabolic reactions
Regulation of body functions |
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Term
| What are the three main sources of energy? |
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Definition
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids |
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Term
| How much energy can be gained from carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much energy can be gained from protein? |
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Definition
| 5 kcal/g BUT tissues only receive 4 kcal/g - due to urea synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Maintenance
Tissue growth
Production
Storage |
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Term
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Definition
Economic benefits vs nutrient benefits.
Feed ratio of gain and production |
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Term
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Definition
| An amino acid having its carbon broken down for energy |
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Term
| Carbohydrates are converted to what for storage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose is stored as what? |
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Definition
| Temporarily as glycogen, then later broken down to lipids |
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