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ConBio test 2
Auburn Conservation Bio test 2 Boyd
126
Biology
Undergraduate 3
10/17/2012

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Term
Geographic range
Definition
Extensive or Restricted
Term
Habitat tolerance
Definition
Broad or narrow
Term
Local population size
Definition
large or small
Term
Abundant species
Definition
Extensive range, broad tolerance, large populations
Term
Endemic
Definition
restricted to certain geographic region
Term
Neoendemics
Definition
recently evolved
Term
Eutrophication
Definition
nutrient pollution cause algal blooms and anoxic zones
Term
Paleoendemics
Definition
remnants of ancient lineages (Mantella frogs) (Madagascar rosy periwinkle)
Term
genetic rescue
Definition
introduce new genes to bolster genetic diversity
Term
poor disperser
Definition
freshwater mussels
Term
glochidia
Definition
ride on fish gills and fins in order to disperse
Term
rmax
Definition
Max reproductive rate
Term
IUCN
Definition
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Term
(EX)
Definition
Extinct globally
Term
(EW)
Definition
Extinct in wild within native range
Term
(CR)
Definition
Extremely high risk of extinct in wild
Term
(EN)
Definition
Very high risk extinction in wild
Term
Red list
Definition
Extinction likely
Term
Blue list
Definition
recovering species
Term
EOR
Definition
Element of Occurrence records
Term
G1
Definition
critically imperiled with 5 or fewer occurrences
Term
G2
Definition
Imperiled with 6-20 occurrence or a factor making species vulnerable to extinction
Term
X
Definition
Extinct
Term
Top 4 most vulenerable groups
Definition
freshwater species
Term
Habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, habitat degradation, global climate change
Definition
4 major threats to extinction
Term
Biocapacity
Definition
land available/person
Term
Ecological footprint
Definition
land required per person
Term
Ecological deficit
Definition
If capacity-footprint <0
Term
Ecological reserve
Definition
If capacity-footprint >0
Term
US Ecological footprint
Definition
-6.7, lowest of all major countries
Term
#1 threat current threat to species
Definition
habitat loss and degradation
Term
7% land, >50% species
Definition
Tropical rain forest percentages
Term
Shifting cultivation
Definition
Slash and burn farming
Term
Frontier forest
Definition
block large enough to support biodiversity
Term
Yasuni National park
Definition
Contains 20% of ecuador's oil and won't develop long as 350 million is given per year
Term
Tallgrass prairie US
Definition
<1% unplowed
Term
Magroves
Definition
Tropical trees in shallow saltwater
Term
Ocean acidification
Definition
Affects calcification
Term
Blast fishing
Definition
Fishing by using dynamite
Term
Cyanide fishing
Definition
Capture fish for aquarium trade or live food for oriental markets
Term
Bottom trawling
Definition
disrupts 150 times more seafloor than forests cleared per year
Term
Desertification
Definition
Converts dry communities to desert like condiitons
Term
Habitat Fragmentation
Definition
Large continuous habitat divided into pieces
Term
Edge Effect
Definition
altered habitat at fragment margin
Term
Broad parasite
Definition
Lays eggs nests>100 birds (Ex brown-headed parasite)
Term
Roads and fragmentation
Definition
80% US lower 48 within 1KM of road
Term
Limits Dispersal, Restricts access to food/mates, Makes populations smaller, reduces gene flow,
Definition
Effects of Roads and fragmentation (4)
Term
Habitat degradation
Definition
Decrease habitat quality
Term
Sentinel species
Definition
warn of pollution danger
Term
Erosion and sediments
Definition
Increase turbidity hurting habitats
Term
toxicity
Definition
Concentration causing mortality
Term
LC 50
Definition
Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of population
Term
Endocrine disruptors
Definition
interfere with hormones and endocrine systems
Term
Information disruption
Definition
Pollutant prevents reception of sensory informations
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
pH<5 caused by Nitrogen and Sulfur pollution
Term
Greenhouse gases
Definition
CO2, Methane, NO2
Term
Polar bears
Definition
Pack ice organisms, listed threatened 2008
Term
Permafrost
Definition
Permanently frozen soil layers
Term
Drunken forest
Definition
Trees tilting and falling due to global climates change melting ice
Term
thermal expansion
Definition
Rising oceans due to ice melt
Term
Climate change
Definition
#1 future extinction threat
Term
Tipping Point
Definition
Point at where acceleration greatly increases
Term
China
Definition
Country producing most CO2 total, (US does per capita)
Term
Carbon Intensity
Definition
Scales carbon output to economy size
Term
Overexploitation
Definition
Unsustainable harvesting (Atlantic cod)
Term
Maximum sustainable yield
Definition
Greatest amount of resource to be harvested without damage
Term
Ymax=rB/4

r= rmax B=maximum biomass habitat can support
Definition
Maximum sustainable yield equation
Term
Exotic Species
Definition
outside natural range due to human activities
Term
Invasive Species
Definition
exotic species that increases in non native areas at expense to native species
Term
New Natives
Definition
When removal of invasives is impossible
Term
Ship Ballast
Definition
Brought North American comb jelly to Black sea, now 95% of biomass in black sea
Term
Compsilura Coccinata
Definition
Parasitic fly introduced to attack gypsy moth, instead attacked native moth species and caused declines
Term
Sea Lamprey
Definition
Invasive species that invaded lake erie and caused declines in fish populations
Term
Zebra Mussel
Definition
Invasive species that kill species as well as encrust onto water intake pipes causing 3.1 billion in cleaning in the next 10 years
Term
Herbicide ballistic technology
Definition
Using herbicide paintballs to kill invasives
Term
Invasivore movement
Definition
Eating invasives
Term
Preadaption hypothesis
Definition
Traits match human disturbance
Term
Enemy release hypothesis
Definition
Species escape predators, diseases, and competition
Term
Invasional Meltdown
Definition
Invasives aid each other
Term
Adaptation hypothesis
Definition
Invasives evolve to survive
Term
Disease
Definition
Debilitating condition of body
Term
vectors
Definition
Agents that transmit disease
Term
Parasite load
Definition
% infected individuals of # parasites/individual
Term
Parasite spillover
Definition
exotic parasite shared with native host
Term
Parasite spillback
Definition
native parasite boosted by exotic host
Term
Minimum viable population
Definition
Smallest population that will survive long term
Term
Gila trout
Definition
Federally endangered, recovery established new populations in the gila river. New mexico moved to de-list species
Term
Type locality
Definition
species first describes from specimen collected there
Term
Minimum dynamic area
Definition
area of habitat need by MVP
Term
MVP approximations
Definition
Verts- 500-5000 individuals, Inverts and plants-10,000 individuals
Term
Genetic drift
Definition
Chance elimination rare alleles
Term
Living fossil
Definition
Extinct 2 mya, 2 small stands found 1994, 40 plants
Term
50/500 rule
Definition
Isolated populations need at least 50 individuals to maintain genetic diversity
Term
Evolutionary flexibility
Definition
provides alleles valuable in future
Term
Inbreeding depression
Definition
Loss of vigor when mating with close relative
Term
Outbreeding depression
Definition
mating with distant relative results in loss of vigor
Term
Mutation rate
Definition
Normalley 1/10,000 to 1/1,000,000 per gene/generation
Term
Effective population size (N_e)
Definition
Lowest amount of breeding individuals to constitute future genetic diversity
Term
N_e=(4N_mN_f)/(N_m+N_f)
Definition
Effective population size equation
Term
Founder effect
Definition
Difference due to chance makeup establishing individuals
Term
Demographic variation
Definition
causes trouble when N<50
Term
Self incompatible
Definition
Plant species that must breed with another individual of different genotype
Term
Allee effect
Definition
Social structure requires minimum population size due to hunting or mating
Term
white abalone
Definition
First listed marine invertebrate
Term
Extinction vortex
Definition
Once population size low, extinction chance accelerates
Term
Census
Definition
Complete count
Term
Survey
Definition
estimate part habitat and extrapolate
Term
Demographic studies
Definition
determine rates of growth, reproduction, and survival
Term
Population Viability Analysis
Definition
Use demographic data to project trends
Term
Sensitivity analysis
Definition
Which parameters affect species most
Term
Metapopulation
Definition
Group of spatially separated but interacting populations
Term
Fugitive species
Definition
poor competitor that colonize ephemeral habitats
Term
Source population
Definition
Core population a lot of emigrants
Term
Sink populations
Definition
Satellite populations rely on immigration
Term
citizen science
Definition
using public to gather scientific data
Term
Scat
Definition
Poop used for DNA analysis
Term
Reintroduction program
Definition
Introducing species into native range
Term
Restocking program
Definition
Release species in existing population to boost size and genetic diversity
Term
Headstarting
Definition
protecting young organisms until less vulnerable
Term
Introduction program
Definition
Move outside original range
Term
Negatively affect local species
Damage new ecosystem
Bring disease
Definition
Danger of reintroduction
Term
Hard release
Definition
Turn them loose without care
Term
Soft release
Definition
Give care and assistance
Term
Mitigation
Definition
compensation for damage caused by development
Term
Imprinting
Definition
Accepting other species as their own
Term
Episodic seeding establishment
Definition
Successful only occasional years
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