Term
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Definition
| a system is a set of components that interrelate with one another to form a whole. |
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Term
| Factors in systems theory (7) |
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Definition
Interdependence
Input variables
Process variables
output variables
synergy
entropy
equifinality |
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Term
| What is interdependence? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
| Everything in the system is connected (wholeness) |
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Term
| What are imput variables? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
| What you put in (to the family) |
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Term
| What are process variables? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
| How you process (change, while trying to keep stability) |
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Term
| What are output variables (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is synergy? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
| The whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
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Term
| What is entropy? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
Chaos causing system to decline
(too much change causes instability |
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Term
| What is equifinality? (factor in systems theory) |
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Definition
| Many ways to reach a goal |
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Term
| What is the centerpiece of systems theory? |
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Definition
| Interdependence; impacts cause ripple effects |
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Term
| General factors in systems theory |
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Definition
| openness to environment; susceptibility to environment |
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Term
| Summarize Walter Bowen's Family System Theory |
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Definition
| Families act as units, not individuals |
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Term
| What are the 8 elements of Bowens Family System Theory |
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Definition
Differation of the self
Triangles
Nuclear family emotional system
Family projection process (passing on fears/emotios)
Multigenerational transmission process
emotional cutoff
sibling position
societal emotional process |
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Term
| What is social constructionism? |
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Definition
| people make sense of the world by constructing their own model of the social world and how it works |
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Term
| What is the role of language in social constructionism? |
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Definition
| Language is viewed as critical to human society;therefore conversation serves to maintain reality |
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Term
| What do social constructionists believe? |
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Definition
| Events and objects of the social world are MADE rather than FOUND |
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Term
| In ongoing relationships, what two characteristics are found, according to Social constructionism |
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Definition
Either
1)members either develop the ability to recognize shared meanings and negotiate joint understandings through their interactions
2) or members struggle constantly with the lack of shared meanings on critical issues |
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Term
| What is Symbolic Interaction Theory? |
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Definition
| This theory emphasizes the self, meaning and construction of self through interaction |
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Term
| What is the central concern of symbolic Interaction Theory? |
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Definition
| Making sense of the self and your social roles |
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Term
| What are the two assumptions of symbolic interaction theory? |
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Definition
1) Humans think about and act according to the meanings they attribute to their actions and contexts
2) Humans are motivated to create meanings to help them make sense of the world. |
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Term
| What is an example of symbolic interaction theory? |
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Definition
| A doll being significant because a sibling puts value upon itF |
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Term
Symbolic Interaction Theory - Family perspective
Why do humans act the way they do toward things? |
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Definition
| On the basis of the meanings those things have for them. |
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Term
Symbolic Interaction Theory - Family perspective
Where does meaning come from? |
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Definition
| Meaning arises out of the process of interaction between people |
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Term
Symbolic Interaction Theory - Family perspective
What is the name of the process by which meanings are handled? |
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Definition
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Term
Symbolic Interaction Theory - Family perspective
What are the types of interpretive processes? |
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Definition
Implicit (implied)
Explicit (spoken)
Modified - a person who is always quiet then chimes in |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of change in a family’s leadership, role relationships, and relationship rules |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on how family systems manage stability and change |
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Term
| name two examples that cause a family system to need to manage stability and change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four levels of adaptability? |
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Definition
1. Rigid families
2. Structured families
3. Flexible families
4. Chaotic families |
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Term
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Definition
Family members experience low levels of change, as well as authoritarian leadership and strict roles and rules
- a very structured lifestyle
- extreme rigidity, family resists change |
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Term
| What is a structured family? |
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Definition
Family members experience more moderate levels of change as well as limited shared decision-making and leadership and relatively stable roles and rules.
-has room for change but with limited input for change or advice for change |
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Term
| What is a flexible family? |
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Definition
Family members experience high levels of change, shared decision making, and shifting rules and roles.
- spontaneous |
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Term
| What is a chaotic family? |
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Definition
Family members experience high levels of change as well as nonexistent leadership, confuses and very variable rules and roles
-members do not understand what is going on |
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Term
| What is the key component of adaptability? |
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Definition
Balance
Balanced families balance structure and change |
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Term
| What two aspects of adaptability are part of balanced families? |
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Definition
| Balanced families balance structure and change |
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Term
| Family systems need periods of what two items in order to function? |
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Definition
periods of stability
periods of change |
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Term
| What are relational dialectics? |
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Definition
The "both/and" quality of relationships:
The need for partners to simultaneously experience independence and connection
openness and privacy |
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Term
| What are the supporting functions of relational dialectics? (3) |
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Definition
| Images, themes and boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| A theme may be viewed as a pattern of feelings, motives, fantasies and conventionalized understandings grouped around a particular locus of concern, which has a particular form in the personalities of individual members. |
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Term
| How are family themes communicated? |
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Definition
These are family statements we make to understand our family unit
Ex. The family that plays together stays together.
Family sticks together.
We don’t say, “we can’t”. |
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Term
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Definition
| An image of one’s family embodies what is expected from it, what is given to it, and how important it is |
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Term
| Family images - root metaphor |
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Definition
| A Root metaphor for a family would capture an overarching image of life in that family |
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Term
| examples of family image root metaphors |
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Definition
—A family is a tree
A family is a melting pot
A family is a puzzle
A family is a rock
A family is a train wreck
A family is a quilt |
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Term
| examples of family image sibling metaphors |
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Definition
—peas in a pod
—oil & water |
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Term
| Relationship patterns of a family can be viewed as what? |
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Definition
metaphors--
root metaphors
sibling metaphors |
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Term
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Definition
| The boundary of a system is what separates it from its environment |
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Term
| What do family boundaries most frequently regulate? |
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Definition
| access to people, places, ideas & values |
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Term
| What do external boundaries do? |
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Definition
| establish the level of connection between family members and the rest of the world these can be rigid |
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Term
| What do internal boundaries do? |
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Definition
| help keep family members appropriately placed in relationship to each other |
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Term
| name an example of an external boundary? |
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Definition
| Keeping an addiction or alcoholism secret |
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Term
| name an example of an internal boundary? |
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Definition
| keeping financial concerns secret from children |
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Term
| What are biosocial issues established by a family? |
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Definition
| gender, age, role in family |
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Term
| What do biosocial issue boundaries do? |
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Definition
| determine power and influence within family dynamics |
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Term
| Which families embrace stability and change easiest? Rigid or Flexible? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process of making sense of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages |
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Term
| What are the three steps to an apology (Randy Park)? |
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Definition
1) Recognize wrong-doing
2) Apologize
3) How can I make the wrong right? |
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Term
| What forms a family's social reality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by families repeating themselves across generations? |
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Definition
| members become caught up in predictable and often unexamined life patterns that are created, in part, through their interactions with other family members |
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Term
| How do we negotiate the meanings of scenarios? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is metacommunication? |
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Definition
| This occurs when people communicate about their communication |
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Term
| Is metacommunication about verbal or nonverbal messages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of bad metacommunication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of good metacommunication? |
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Definition
| Telling people to watch their language around your child |
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Term
| What does verbal metacommunication look like |
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Definition
Verbal cues:
I'm only joking
I'm serious about what I'm about to say
When I share my feelings, I need to know they matter to you
talking about this makes me uncomfortable |
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Term
| What does nonverbal metacommunication look like? |
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Definition
Nonverbal cues:
facial expressions, eye behavior, posture, space, vocal tones, gestures |
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Term
| What are the primary functions of families? |
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Definition
| Cohesion and adaptability |
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Term
| How many possible combinations of family interactions / types of communication are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which aspects of family interactions are considered dysfunctional? |
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Definition
extremes - disengaged or enmeshed on cohesion scale
- rigid or chaotic on adaptability scale |
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Term
| Which aspects of family interactions are considered healthiest? |
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Definition
middle - separated/connected on cohesion scale
AND - flexible/structured on adaptability scale |
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Term
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Definition
| the emotional bonding that family members experience with each other and includes concepts of emotional bonding, boundaries, coalitions, time, space, friends, decision-making, interests and recreation. |
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Term
| What are the four levels of cohesion? |
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Definition
From low to high
Disengaged, connected, cohesive, enmeshed |
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Term
| What are the traits of disengaged cohesion? |
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Definition
| Family members maintain extreme separateness and independence, experiencing little belonging or loyalty |
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Term
| What are the traits of connected cohesion? |
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Definition
| Family members experience emotional independence as well as some sense of involvement and belonging. |
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Term
| What are the traits of cohesive cohesion? |
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Definition
| Family members strive for emotional closeness, loyalty, and togetherness with emphasis on some individuality. |
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Term
| What are the traits of enmeshed cohesion? |
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Definition
Family members experience extreme closeness, loyalty, dependence and almost no individuality.
often creates a situation where personal goals are unmet |
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Term
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Definition
| networks of people who share their lives over long periods of time bound by ties of marriage, blood, or commitment, legal or otherwise, who consider themselves as family and who share a significant history and anticipated future of functioning in a family relationship. |
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Term
| Family life is considered |
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Definition
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Term
| What are discourse dependent families? |
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Definition
| members rely on communication strategies for external or internal boundary management. |
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Term
| What is external boundary management? |
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Definition
| involves utilizing communication strategies to reveal or conceal information about the family to outsiders. |
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Term
| What is internal boundary management? |
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Definition
| refers to the use of communication strategies to maintain members' internal sense of we-ness or being a family. |
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Term
| Why do families choose to conceal information through external boundary management? |
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Definition
embarrassment / fear of judgment
fear of violence or harm
dislike
stalker
guilt |
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Term
| Why do families choose to reveal information through external boundary management? |
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Definition
Misery loves company
give wisdom or advice
to brag
to create awareness |
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Term
| What are the four strategies for external boundary management? |
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Definition
labeling
explaining
legitimizing
defending |
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Term
| What is labeling strategy? |
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Definition
Titles and positions provide an orientation to a situation; labeling frequently involves identifying the familial tie when introducing or referring to another person.
big sister, little sister, grandpa, husband |
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Term
| What are the three labeling strategies? |
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Definition
| explaining, legitimizing, defending |
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Term
| What is the labeling strategy of explaining? |
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Definition
involves making a labeled family relationship understandable, giving reasons for it, or elaborating on how it works
explaining usually takes place in a nonhostile environment, letting another person the deeper connections |
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Term
| What is the labeling strategy of legitimizing? |
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Definition
| This invokes the sanction of law or custom: it positions relationships as genuine and conforming to recognized standards. |
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Term
| What is the labeling strategy of defending? |
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Definition
This involves shielding oneself or a familial relationship from attack, justifying it or maintaining its validity against opposition.
usually in response to hostility or a direct challenge |
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Term
| Where does internal boundary management occur? |
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Definition
| This is what happens with members inside the familial dynamics |
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Term
| Name four types of internal boundary management? |
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Definition
| naming, discussing, narrating, and ritualizing |
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Term
| What is the internal boundary management strategy of naming? |
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Definition
naming plays a significant role in the development of internal family identity as members strauggle to indicate their familial status and connections.
Mimi, papa, grandma, AJ (nicknames) |
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Term
| What is the internal strategy of discussing? |
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Definition
Discussing reflects the degree of difference among family members that affects the amount of ambiguity in their family situation, This occurs when members see few role models for their family form.
ex. How do I introduce you? |
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Term
| What is the internal strategy of narrating? |
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Definition
Narrating involves the emergence of family stories; they represent the family
s definition of itself.
Members tell and retell, to themselves and others, the story of who they are and how they got there.
How did you first meet? |
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Term
| What is the internal strategy of ritualizing? |
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Definition
Ritualizing allows families to accomplish their "emotional business" as they enact their identity.
Family rituals include major celebrations and mundane routines.
family dinners, routine |
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Term
| What are the three criteria for communication competence? |
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Definition
1)The message should be understood.
mutual understanding - due to word definition, socioeconomic, beliefs, education, language barriers, differing perspectives,
2. The message achieves each intended effect.
3. The message should be ethical. |
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Term
| Communication is acting upon what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of process is communication? |
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Definition
| a transactional process of sharing meaning with others |
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Term
| What type of communication is linear? |
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Definition
one-way
sender --> message --> receiver |
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Term
| give an example of linear communication |
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Definition
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Term
| Which communication model looks like "I speak, you speak" |
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Definition
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Term
| Which communication model includes feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distractions - can be external (outside noise) or internal (self-talk) |
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Term
| which communication aims for a concurrent simultaneous sharing of meaning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a transactional process of sharing meaning with others |
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Term
| In the transactional model of communication, what is a source? |
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Definition
| originator of a thought or emotion who puts it into a code that can be understood by the receiver |
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Term
| in the transactional model of communication, what is a receiver? |
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Definition
| person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense of what the source has encoded |
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Term
| in the transactional model of communication, what is encode? |
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Definition
| translating ideas feelings, and thoughts into a code - |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| in the transactional model of communication, what is decode? |
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Definition
| to interpret ideas, feelings and thoughts that have been translated into a code |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of noise? |
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Definition
| external, psychological, physiological |
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Term
| What are the 5 communication principles? |
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Definition
communication is inescapable
Communication is irreversible
Communication is governed by rules
Communication is complicated.
Communication involves both content and relational dimensions |
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Term
| Communication is core to the ______ of relationships |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rules of communication? |
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Definition
explicit - stated,
implicit - implied by society |
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Term
| Communication is a skill that requires __________ to strengthen and maintain it |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the content dimension of communication |
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Definition
| new information, the message, ideas or suggested actions |
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Term
| What do relational dimensions do in communication? |
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Definition
| relational dimensions offer cues about the emotions, attitudes, and amount of power and control the speaker feels toward the other |
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Term
| self-disclosure is based upon what dimension in communication? |
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Definition
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