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| structured system of signs, sounds, gestures, and marks that is used and understood to express ideas and feelings among people within a community, nation, geographic area or cultural traditon |
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| Theory suggesting that status and power are clearly linked and that women, ethnic minorities, and out groups have little voice and people do not pay attention to them because they lack the power of appropriate language |
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| Process of moving between the language of one's own coculture and the language of the dominant culture to successfully operate in both |
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| Symbol that stands for the object or concept that it names |
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| Words whose meanings cannot be understood by ordinary usage |
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| Rules that govern how words are put together to form phrases and sentences |
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| The study of meaning, or the association of words with ideas, feelings and contexts |
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| The objective meaning of a word; the standard dictionary definition |
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| The subjective meaning of a word; what a word suggests because of feelings or associations it evokes |
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| Symbol for a specific thing that can be pointed to or physically experienced |
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| Symbol for and idea, quality, or relationship |
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| Language used by certain groups or specific disciplines that may be technical or too specialized to be understood by the general population |
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| Language used by groups to keep the meaning of the communication within the group. |
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| The use of an inoffensive or mild expression in place of one that might offend, cause embarrassment, or suggest something unpleasant. |
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| The deliberate misuse of language to distort meaning |
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| A misunderstanding that occurs between a sender and a receiver because of the symbolic nature of language |
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| The neglect of individual differences and overemphasis of similarities |
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| A technique to reduce indiscrimination by identifying the specific persons, places, ideas, events, or objects a statement refers to |
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| A form of indexing that sorts people, events, ideas, and objects according to time |
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| The tendency to view things in terms of extremes |
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| Escalating conflict between two individuals or groups that results from their use of polar terms to describe and defend their perceptions of reality |
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| Gender inclusive language |
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| Language that does not discriminate against the males or females |
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| Language that creates sexual stereotypes or implies that one gender is superior to another |
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| A figure of speech in which a word or phrase relates on object or idea to another object or idea that are not commonly linked together |
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| An explanation of how thought influences our reality and how our thoughts process is influenced by our language |
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| The theory that language determines thought |
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| The theory that suggests that people from different language communities perceive the world differently |
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| A culture in which the meaning of the communication act is inferred from the situation or location |
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| A culture in which the meaning of the communication act is inferred from the messages being sent and not the location where the communication occurs |
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| Active, direct, and fresh language that brings a sense of excitement, urgency, and forcefulness to a message |
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| Identifies and projects the speaker;s feelings and makes the message more relevant to the listener |
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| A communication process, involving both verbal and nonverbal messages that attempts to reinforce or change listeners attitudes, beliefs, values or behavior |
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| An action subgoal that asks listeners to demonstrate their acceptance of attitudes, beliefs, or values by performing the behavior suggested by the speaker |
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| an action subgoal that asks listeners to demonstrate their alteration of an attitude, belief, or value by stopping certain behaviors |
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| An action subgoal that asks listeners to demonstrate their acceptance of an attitude, belief, or value by avoiding certain behavior |
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| An action goal that asks listeners to demonstrate their acceptance, belief, or value by continuing to perform the behavior suggested by the speaker |
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| A question that asks what is true and what is false |
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| Question that asks whether something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable |
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| A question that asks what actions should be taken |
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| the speakers character as perceived by the listeners |
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| Substance of the speech or the logical appeals the speaker makes |
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| Speaker's evoking of appropriate emotion from the listeners |
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| The audience's perception of a speaker's reliability and dependability |
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| Providing within the speech the source that particular info comes from |
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| The appeal of attractiveness that the audience perceives in the speaker, contributing to the speaker's credibility |
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| Order of presentation that first discusses a problem and then suggests solutions |
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| An order of presentation in which the speaker first explains the causes of an event, problem, or issue and then discusses its consequences |
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| Monroe's motivated sequence |
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| A pattern of organization specifically developed for persuasive speaking that combines logic and practical psychology. Five steps involved are: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action |
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| An attempt to move people to action by calling on their physical and psychological requirements and desires |
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| an attempt to move people to action through the use of evidence and proof |
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| A sequence of though that links causes with effects; it either implies or explicitly states the word BECAUSE |
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| A sequence of thought that compares similar things or circumstances to draw a conclusion |
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| An attempt to move people to action by playing on their feelings |
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| An argument that is flawed because it does not follow the rules of logic |
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| A fallacy that occurs when a speaker alleges something that does not relate to or produce the outcome claimed in the argument |
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| Post hoc ergo propter hoc Fallacy |
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| Fallacy of reasoning where one attributes something as a cause simply because it followed another incident |
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| Fallacy where there is Black or White; no inbetween |
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1. Supporting materials
2. Speaker's credibility
3. Emotional Appeal
4. Solid logic and reasoning |
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Definition
| What are 4 ways to persuade? |
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| some, many, often, sometimes, a few |
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| What are some examples of a qualifier? |
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| what the speaker wants the audience to believer or do |
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1. Ignorant
2. Unconcerned
3. Intense |
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| What are the 3 neutral attitudes? |
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| What occurs when the opposite result then what the speaker intends? |
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| Latitude of Acceptance --> Latitude of Non-commitment --> Latitude of Rejection |
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| What happens in the Social Judgment Theory (Muzafer Sherif)? |
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| To present a case with supporting materials |
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