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livestrong (testicular cancer)
Suppor Our Troops |
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| Visual Signs and their cultural meanings |
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| basic definition of what the sign means |
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| Signifier (original object) + Signified (story added) |
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| Song "yellow ribbon" came from |
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| "Tie a ribbon round the ole oak tree" |
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| prison,paid debt to society, serve time, released, wants to come home, stigma forgiveness, asks for msg then he comes home (repented) |
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| Welcome Home Yellow RIbbon |
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| "Welcome Home Yellow Ribbon" magnets, pins, t-shirts, bumper stickers, tattoos, jewelry |
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| soldiers serving America, want to come home. Stigma against soldiers during Vietnam, repentance, forgiveness, sending messages of support |
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| "support the troops and welcome them home" yellow ribbon |
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| Examples of destroying symbols |
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| Confederate flag... peace symbol |
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| peace symbol originally stood for... |
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Semiotic Analysis of the cross...
DENOTATION... Signifier |
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| cruel death penalty used by romans, punishment, warning to bypassers, source torture and fear, source of cruel death 4 Jesus |
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| Roman cross of tortuous death |
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| Roman cross of death today seen as necklace, religious relics, church steeples and stained glass windows, Bible covers, t-shirts, art |
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For Christians: Forgiveness, Redemption, Hope, Jesus-risen Savior, Our connection with God
for nonchristians: fashion accessory, rebellion, cultural identification |
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| Cultural icon of Jesus' saving death on the cross/ fashion statement |
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| Cultural Studies (person) |
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| based off of Critical Theorist... |
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| Aspects of Cultural Studies: |
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-scientific focus on media research
-Critical about how the mass media creates support for hegemonic ideology "hegemony" |
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| predominance of one state (country, org) over another |
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Haves (powerful and rich)
---power over---
havenots (poor and oppressed) |
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| School of Thought- CHICAGO |
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| Theorists are critical of media bc.... |
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| not what info is presented, but whose info is presented |
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-not a plot
-not forced upon people
-not total or complete
-not limited to the media |
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-promotes resistance to whats going on
-Havenots can change system (probably not going too) |
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| Cultivation Theory (person) |
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| George Gerbner (from Hungary) |
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| Cultivation Theory belief.... |
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| Heavy television creates an exaggerated belief in a mean and scary world |
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| Physical force (involving pain or threat of pain) w/ or w/o weapon, against oneself or other people |
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-car accidents
-acts of nature
-cartoon violence
-joking violence, slapstick violence...Not so much |
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| Over 1/2 of prime time tv contains... |
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| violence or threats of violence |
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| 2/3 of the major characters are |
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| caught up in violence (heroes and villains) |
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| most likely to be victims on TV |
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-old people
-children
-hispanics
-african americans
-women
-blue collar workers
*when these people watch tv, they feel like they are more likely to be vicitms |
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-more likely to think they will be the victim of a crime than real life suggests
-more afraid of walking alone at night
-there is a bigger police force out there
-mean world syndrome |
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| more likely to distrust people |
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| People who are victims in real life... |
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| will experience the (rape, attack, disaster) all over again when seen on TV |
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| everybody out there is rich |
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| Agenda Setting theory (person) |
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-Maxwell McCombs
-Donald Shaw |
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| The media do not tell us... |
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| what to think or how to think, but they tell us what to think about |
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| A theory is a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure, devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain, the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena |
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| underlying personal purpose |
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media shoots bullet of info...
population believes it |
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| Other theories different than agenda setting theory... |
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-hypodermic needle model
-selective exposure hypothesis |
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| Agenda setting theory attempts to predict... |
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a cause and effect relationship
*its hard to predict which comes first |
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| -->media report X --> (gap) people thinking and talking about X |
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| --> people think and talk about X --> people talk about X bc media reports it |
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| (simultaneously) media report X and people talk about X |
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-length
-position (1st pg/last pg) |
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"GATE" used for various scandals
Ex. MonicaGATE scandal |
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| All the President's Men (author:) |
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Bob Woodward
Carl Bernstein |
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| Personal History (author:) |
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| Who sets the media's agenda? |
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Gatekeepers (editors)
...make decisions about what goes on the air |
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| Politicians and their spin dr.'s: |
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| make people's mistakes look positive |
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| the whitehouse spokesperson put a positive spin on what the president says and does |
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| people that want their causes out in the media |
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| What effects need for orientation and index of curiosity? |
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| -relevance... $, gas price, food price |
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| dif stations take different spins on the news |
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-What to think about
-How to think about it
-sometimes... what to do about it |
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| stories make us seek and feel things |
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| The normalization of violence on TV... |
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| causes us to be numb when human suffering and violence occurs in real life |
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| Ex. of Movie series body count rising: |
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-how things are
-how things work
-what to do about them |
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| The stories and messages that govern our conception of life and our behavior |
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| building and maintenance of stable images of life and society |
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| The effect of TV violence on people acting out in violence is... |
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| Effects of heavy TV viewing is not immediate. It is: |
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| Cultivation Theory in its most basic form... |
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| suggests that overtime exposure to TV cultivate viewers perception of reality |
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