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| The Rhetoric of Aristotle |
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| Plato--Aristotle--Alexander the Great |
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| first promoted rhetoric (public speaking persuasion) |
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| rejected the teaching of Socrates because of the sophists of his day-itinerant teachers and promoted dialectic |
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rejects Plato
restored rhetoric
believed rhetoric was neutral |
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| composition of students notes |
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| speakers who do not study rhetoric... |
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| have only themselves to blame |
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| Aristotle looked at public speaking |
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systematically
as a science |
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| systematic look at rhetoric |
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-the speaker
-the audience
-the content |
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1. forensic speaking
2. deliberate speaking
3. epidectic speaking |
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| examines evidence for guilt or innocence |
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| considers praise and blame |
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-Plato
-conversation
-searches for truth
-general philosophical questions
-certainty |
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-Aristotle
-one person addressing many
-public speaking
-demonstrates existing truth
-specific practical questions
-probability |
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emotions
drawn from audience |
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-more persuasive and more artistic than example
-takes out one part of logic hoping the audience will fill it in
-incomplete syllogism |
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major premise (all men are mortal)
minor premise (socrates is a man)
conclusion (socrates is mortal) |
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| Credibility/Believability |
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intelligence
character
goodwill |
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competence
trustworthiness
dynamism
-audience bringing emotion out- |
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1. the invention of process (audience analysis)
2. Arrangement (organization of speech)
3. Style (language usage, word choices)
4. memory
5. Delivery |
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| Narrative Paradigm: Person... |
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| people make decisions based on |
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stories
the story hangs together |
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how well the story hangs together
(makes sense) |
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| faithfulness of a story as it relates to your life |
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-radio
-magazines
-internet
-movies
-TV
-newspapers
-ipod |
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its easier to stay in touch
soldiers: stay in touch
Bible: more accessible
online banking
family updates |
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security concerns
no privacy
spread of cults
self absorption |
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| A theory is a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena. |
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| why do people use the mediums they do & what do they get out of them |
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| porn= INFLUENCE/look at other causes |
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| Uses and Gratifications (view on Ted Bundy) |
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| What did Ted Bundy get out of porn |
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| Uses and Gratifications 8 things... |
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-companionship: using medium w/ other people
-escape
-pure enjoyment
-social interaction
-relaxation
-information
-excitement |
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| media sources->opinion leaders->consumers |
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| Technological Determinism (also known as) |
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-Canadian
-college professor
-media guru
-died before the internet age |
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| Marshal McLuhan: quote... |
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| "We shape our tools, and they in turn shape us" |
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-the medium is the message
-the way we receive a message influences our experience and interpretations |
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| Theres a difference btwn listening to someone in person |
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| and watching and listening thru a medium |
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| interpretive NOT scientific |
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| 4 epochs in human history: |
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-Tribal
-Literacy
-print
-electronic |
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-most important part of the body: EAR
-listening to stories was very important |
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-went from listening to stories to reading them
-EYE became most important
-people become more private/individual/detached
-linear thinking (people thought more in lines)
-logic, history, math, science |
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| -prototype of the industrial revolution |
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| began with telegraph ->radio -> TV |
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| connection of people thru technology |
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| The media tended to be... |
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| either hot or cold (more mentally engaging) |
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-involved only one sense
-don't intend to engage people
-RADIO
-films and movies
-print mediums: books, magazines, newspapers
-photographs
-syllogism |
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-involves more than one sense
-draw people in (involve them)
-discussion
-conversations
-Television
-cartoons
-internet
-cell phone
-seminar (talking 2 eachother)
-Aristotle emphymeme |
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