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Computer Studies- Assignment 1 Review
A review of the first worksheet we did in class.
49
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2011

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Term
A fast, electronic calculating machine that accepts digitized input info, processes the info according to a list of internal instructions (called a program), and produces the resultant output info.
Definition
What is a digital computer?
Term
Hardware and software
Definition
What are the two parts of a computer system?
Term
Input unit, Processor (CPU), Memory Unit, and Output Unit
Definition
What are the 4 parts of the hardware of a computer system?
Term
Keyboard, mouse, joystick, microphone, scanner. {Also fax machines and hard disks}
Definition
Name 4 examples of Input Units.
Term
Monitor, printer, plotter, speaker. {Also fax, hard disk, USB drive, and floppy disk}
Definition
Name 4 examples of Output Units.
Term
Primary Memory is only one level away from the CPU, and its contents can be accessed directly by the it. Secondary Memory is two levels away from the CPU, and the contents must first be loaded onto the primary memory before it can be accessed by the CPU.
Definition
What is the difference between Primary and Secondary memory?
Term
RAM: Random-Access Memory
ROM: Read-Only Memory
Definition
What do the acronyms RAM and ROM stand for?
Term
RAM is memory which you can both read and edit. It is also volatile.
ROM is memory which you can only read, and it is nonvolatile.
Definition
Explain the difference between RAM and ROM?
Term
If the power suddenly is cut off, all of the memory would be lost.
Definition
What does the word "volatile" mean when referring to technology?
Term
Random access is a device which allows you random access. It is the same with sequential access.
Definition
What is the difference between random and sequential access?
Term
An ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter)
Definition
What device is needed to convert analogue info to digital info?
Term
A DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter)
Definition
What device is needed to convert digital info to analogue info?
Term
A program used to manage the hardware to make it easier to use the hardware and develop other applications.
Definition
What is System Software?
Term
A program that allows the user to develop specific things like databases, spreadsheets, documents, ect.
Definition
What is Application Software?
Term
Hardware
Definition
Is System Software closer to the hardware or the user of computers?
Term
User
Definition
Is Application Software closer to the hardware or the user of a computer?
Term
System
Definition
Which is more general, System or Application Software?
Term
Microsoft Word, Access, and Excel
Definition
Name 3 examples of Application Software.
Term
Operating system, editor, compiler, assembler, linker, loader, and interpreter.
Definition
Name all the parts of System Software.
Term
System; Operating Systems are used for general purposes (not tailored to one kind of application). They are used to manage the hardware.
Definition
Would you classify the Operating System as System or Application Software?
Term
Text editors
Definition
What is software that is used to create and edit (modify) text documents?
Term
Microsoft Word, Notepad, and Emac.
Definition
Give 3 examples of text editors.
Term
To manage the hardware and to provide a convenient interface for the user of the computer.
Definition
What are the two main functions of Operating Systems in computers?
Term
1) Process management
2) Memory management
3) Device management
4) File management
Definition
List all 4 functions of Operating Systems.
Term
:D
Definition
With a sheet of scratch paper, draw a labeled diagram illustrating the various components of a computer system.
Term
A program is nothing more than lines of code in any programming language (e.g. C, C++, Java).
A process is an instance of a program in execution.
Definition
Explain the difference between a program and a process.
Term
:}
Definition
Create a T-chart comparing programs and processes.
Term
A program that takes a high-level language program as its input, and produces a low-level language program as its output.
Definition
What is a compiler?
Term
A source program is a program in a high-level language. People can use it easily.
Definition
What is a source program?
Term
A low-level language program (binary code: 0,1). Machines can read it easily.
Definition
What is an object program?
Term
source----object
Definition
Compilers take ________ programs and turn them into ________ programs.
Term
Software that links the user's object program with other necessary files.
Definition
What is a linker?
Term
A loader is a program that brings in executable object programs from the secondary memory to the primary memory (RAM).
Definition
What is a loader?
Term
System
Definition
Would you consider a loader to be System Software or Application Software?
Term
Super computers, mainframe computers, minicomputer, and personal computers.
Definition
What are the 4 major categories of computers?
Term
Cray Research, International Business Machines (IBM).
Definition
Name two companies that make Supercomputers.
Term
PCs are inexpensive, smaller, have lower computing power, have less RAM, and have less hard disk space.
Supercomputers are inexpensive, larger, faster,have higher computing power, much more RAM, and more hard disk space.
Definition
How are supercomputers different from personal computers?
Term
A key that, by pressing it, corresponds to the alternate values shown on the key, switching from one operation to the other.
Definition
What is a toggle key?
Term
Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, and Shift.
Definition
What are some examples of toggle keys on your keyboard?
Term
Keys that have special purposes. Their function depends on the software in use.
Definition
What is a function key?
Term
12
Definition
How many function keys are on your keyboard?
Term
2- the older CRT monitors and the newer LCD monitors.
Definition
How many kinds of monitors are there? What are they?
Term
Cathode Ray Tube
Definition
What does CRT stand for?
Term
Liquid crystal display
Definition
What does LCD stand for?
Term
^_^
Definition
With a sheet of scratch paper, draw a T-chart comparing CRT and LCD monitors.
Term
A picture element; they are the dots on the screen that make up the images we see.
Definition
What is a pixel?
Term
Resolution tells how many pixels are in each row and column on the screen.
Definition
What does resolution mean?
Term
It means that there are 640 pixels in every row on the screen and 480 in every column.
Definition
Explain what 640x480 resolution means.
Term
Better image quality
Definition
More pixels= ?
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