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computer science vocabulary
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Computer Science
Advanced
08/30/2017

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Proto type

Definition

 

 

 

A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. its the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.

Term

 

 

Binary Question

Definition

 

 

 

 

a question to which there are only two possible answers.

Term

 

 

Binary Message

Definition

 

 

 

a message that can only be one of two possible values.

Term

 

Bit

Definition

 

 

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

Term

Bit rate

 

Definition

 

 

(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. 

Term

 

Protocol

Definition

 

 

A set of rules and standards governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Term

Bandwidth

Definition

Transmission capacity measure by bit rate

Term

Latency

Definition

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

Term

ASCII

Definition

 

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

Term

code  (v)

Definition

 

 

to write code, or to write instructions for a computer.

Term

 

Request for Comments (RFC)

Definition
A formal document from the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. Some RFCs are informational in nature, documents are how standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website.
http://ietf.org
Term

IP Address

Definition
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
Term

Packets

Definition

 

 

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

Term

Router

Definition

a computer, device which receives messages travelling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message.

Term

TCP

Definition
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It manages all the sending and receiving of Data Packets, like a dependable mail service.
Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
Term

DNS

Definition

Domain Name Server, System: the Internet's system for converting alphabetic url names into numeric IP addresses.

Term

 

HTTP

Definition

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol used by the World Wide Web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers respond to commands.

Term

 

Abstraction

Definition

 

 

 

Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics.

 

Term

 

Server

Definition

 

 

 

 

A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.

Term

 

Client

Definition

 

 

A computer that requests data stored on a server

Term

 

Net Neutrality

Definition

 

 

The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

Term

 

Internet Censorship

Definition

Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative. ... Other areas of censorship include copyrights, defamation, harassment, and obscene material. Support for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies.

Term

 

 

Network Surveillance

Definition

 

 

Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored on a hard drive, or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. The monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals.

Term

 

 

Heuristic

Definition
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
Term

 

Image

 

Definition

 

 

 

A type of data used for graphics or pictures.

Term

 

Metadata

 

Definition

 

Data that describes other data.
For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution

 

Term

Pixel

Definition

 

 

Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Term

Hexadecimal Number System

Definition

 

A Base 16 numbering system. A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value.

Term

Lossless Compression

Definition

 

A compression scheme in which every bit of the original data can be recovered from the compressed file.

Term

Lossy Compression

Definition

 

A compression scheme in which “useless” or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.

Term

Abstraction

Definition

Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. To break problems up into separate parts which can then be solved separately and recombined to form a complete solution. To focus on and use something based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished.

Term

Hypothesis

Definition

 

A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation.

Term

 

README

Definition

 

A document providing background information about a dataset.

Term

CSV

Definition

 

Abbreviation of "comma-separated values," this is a widely-used format for storing data

Term

Raw data

Definition
The original data as it was collected.
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