Term
| What is application software? |
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Definition
| Software developed to solve a particular problem for users. (We interact mainly with this software) |
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Term
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Definition
| A platform for running application software. Enables application software to interact with the computer and helps computer manage its own internal and external resources. |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic components of system software? |
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Definition
Operating systems- windows, mac, etc. priciple component of system software
device drivers- help computer control peripheral devices like printers, disks
utility programs- used to support, enhance, expand existing programs in the computer |
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Term
| What is an operating system? give examples. |
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Definition
| a low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer operations and resource management. windows, mac os, linux, unix |
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Term
| Why is an operating system useful for the user? |
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Definition
| Allows user to concentrate on applications rather than on complexities of the computer. |
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Term
| What are some functions of an operating system? |
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Definition
| booting, cpu management, file management, memory management, task management, security management. account id, password |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of loading an OS into the computer's main memory. |
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Term
| What are the 4 steps of booting? |
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Definition
1)turn on the computer
2)Diagnostic routines test main memory, cpu, and other hardware
3)basic input/output system (BIOS) programs are copied to main memory
4)Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into computer's main memory |
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Term
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Definition
(kernel- controls everything) the software that manages the CPU.
it remains in the memory with the computer runs and directs other programs not in memory to perform tasks that support application programs |
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Term
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Definition
| first-in, first-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in like for its turn to be processed |
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Term
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Definition
| the place where data or programs sit while they are waiting. |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of placing a print job into a buffer. |
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Term
| What are the two types of files? |
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Definition
Data file-a named collection of data
Program File- a program that exists in a computer's secondary storage |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system |
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Term
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Definition
| Service programs that perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| The user-controllable display screen you use to interact with the computer, using keyboard or mouse. |
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Term
| What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? |
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Definition
| allows you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons and commands from menus |
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Term
| What are the 3 main features of the GUI? |
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Definition
Desktop- the system's main interface screen
Icons- small pictoral figues that represent programs, data, files, or procedures
Menus- lists of built-in commands and/or options from which to choose |
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Term
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Definition
| the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based. |
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Term
| What is Novell's Open Enterprise Server? |
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Definition
| Used for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs) throughout a company or campus. (usually located on main server) |
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Term
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Definition
| designed to run on network servers in businesses of all sizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a multitasking operating system with multiple users that has built-in networking capability and versions for all kinds of computers. Used to run backbone of internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free nonproprietary version of Unix. Open source software |
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Term
| What is open source software? |
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Definition
| anyone may make suggested improvements. may be used/downloaded for free. may be modified for free as long as modifications aren't copyrighted. |
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Term
| What is an embedded operating system? |
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Definition
| specialized system that is part of larger system of machine. resides on CPU chip |
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Term
| What are the 5 legal types of Application software? |
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Definition
1)Commercial- offered for sale
2)Public domain- not copyrighted- legal to copy
3)Shareware- copyrighted- download for free and pay if you use it
4)Freeware- Copyrighted but available for free
5)Rentalware- copyrighted- lease for free |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Software license types? |
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Definition
1)Site- allow software to be used on all computers at a specific location
2)concurrent-user- allow a number of copies to be used at one time
3)Multi-user- specifies number of people who may use the software
4)single-user- limits software to one user at a time |
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Term
| What is pirated software? |
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Definition
| software obtained illegally in violation of copyright |
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Term
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Definition
| software that is no longer being sold or supported by its publisher |
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Term
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Definition
| created by software engineers and programmers specifically for companies or individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the original logic gates of computers. controlled flow of electricity in circuits |
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Term
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Definition
| a tiny electrical switch that can be turned either on or off millions of times per second |
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Term
| what is an intergrated circuit? |
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Definition
| all the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip |
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Term
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Definition
| stores and processes data in electronic devices |
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Term
| What is a microprocessor? |
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Definition
| the miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip. comtains CPU |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic data-representation method for computers. uses 0 and 1 |
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Term
| What is a bit? what does it stand for? |
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Definition
| each 0 or 1. binary digit |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of 8 bits= one character, digit, or other value |
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Term
| What are the values of a Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, and Terabyte? |
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Definition
KB- 1000
MB- one million
GB- one billion
TB-one trillion |
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Term
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Definition
| binary commonly used for microcomputers. uses 7 or 8 bits ber character. provides 256 characters |
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Term
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Definition
| requires 16 bits per character. used for chinese and japanese |
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Term
| What is machine language? |
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Definition
| a binary type programming language (0's and 1's) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| main system board of the computer |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the CPU? |
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Definition
Arithmetic logic unit part of the CPU that performs mathematical and logic operations
control unit- part of CPU that deciphers instructions and carries them out |
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Term
| What are megahertz and gigahertz? |
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Definition
1 MHz= one million cycles per second
1 GHz=1 billion cycles per second. |
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Term
| What is instruction cycle of the control unit? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high speed storage areas that temporarily store data during processing |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical data roadways used to transmit bits within the CPU and between CPU and other motherboard components |
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Term
| What are the two types of memory storage? |
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Definition
Primary- RAM- temporary and volatile (goes away when computer is turned off
Secondary- external- flash cards, discs. permanent and nonvolatile |
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Term
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Definition
| software instructions, data before and after the CPU processes it |
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Term
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Definition
| Read only memory- cannot be written or erased without special equipment. are loaded at the factory with fixed start-up instructions that tell the computer how to load the operating system |
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Term
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Definition
| nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed more than once. doesnt require battery |
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Term
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Definition
| temporarily stores instructions and data that the processor uses frequently to speed up processing. has three levels |
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Term
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Definition
| a connecting socket or jack on the outside of the computer unit or device into which are plugged different kinds of cables. |
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Term
| What are the 3 kinds of ports? |
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Definition
1)Serial- used to transmit data slowly over long distances- sequentially, one bit at a time
2)parallel- for transmitting quickly- 8 bytes simultaniously
3)USB- for peripheral devices |
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Term
| What are specialized ports? |
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Definition
1)firewire- for devices working with lots of data- camera, dvd player
2)multimedia- gaming consoles, tvs, speakers etc
3)HDMI- high def. video and audio
4)Bluetooth
5)Ethernet- links devices to local area network |
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Term
| What are expansion cards? |
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Definition
| used to expand function of computer- Graphics, sound, modem, network interface, PC cards (for laptops) |
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