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Computer Literacy
Exam 1 (3.1-4.3)
57
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2012

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Cards

Term
What is application software?
Definition
Software developed to solve a particular problem for users. (We interact mainly with this software)
Term
What is system software?
Definition
A platform for running application software. Enables application software to interact with the computer and helps computer manage its own internal and external resources.
Term
What are the 3 basic components of system software?
Definition
Operating systems- windows, mac, etc. priciple component of system software
device drivers- help computer control peripheral devices like printers, disks
utility programs- used to support, enhance, expand existing programs in the computer
Term
What is an operating system? give examples.
Definition
a low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer operations and resource management. windows, mac os, linux, unix
Term
Why is an operating system useful for the user?
Definition
Allows user to concentrate on applications rather than on complexities of the computer.
Term
What are some functions of an operating system?
Definition
booting, cpu management, file management, memory management, task management, security management. account id, password
Term
What is booting?
Definition
the process of loading an OS into the computer's main memory.
Term
What are the 4 steps of booting?
Definition
1)turn on the computer
2)Diagnostic routines test main memory, cpu, and other hardware
3)basic input/output system (BIOS) programs are copied to main memory
4)Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into computer's main memory
Term
What is a Supervisor?
Definition
(kernel- controls everything) the software that manages the CPU.
it remains in the memory with the computer runs and directs other programs not in memory to perform tasks that support application programs
Term
What is a queue?
Definition
first-in, first-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in like for its turn to be processed
Term
What is a buffer?
Definition
the place where data or programs sit while they are waiting.
Term
What is spooling?
Definition
the act of placing a print job into a buffer.
Term
What are the two types of files?
Definition
Data file-a named collection of data
Program File- a program that exists in a computer's secondary storage
Term
What are device drivers?
Definition
specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system
Term
What are utilities?
Definition
Service programs that perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources.
Term
Define User Interface.
Definition
The user-controllable display screen you use to interact with the computer, using keyboard or mouse.
Term
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Definition
allows you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons and commands from menus
Term
What are the 3 main features of the GUI?
Definition
Desktop- the system's main interface screen
Icons- small pictoral figues that represent programs, data, files, or procedures
Menus- lists of built-in commands and/or options from which to choose
Term
What is a platform?
Definition
the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based.
Term
What is Novell's Open Enterprise Server?
Definition
Used for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs) throughout a company or campus. (usually located on main server)
Term
What is Windows Server?
Definition
designed to run on network servers in businesses of all sizes.
Term
What is Unix?
Definition
a multitasking operating system with multiple users that has built-in networking capability and versions for all kinds of computers. Used to run backbone of internet.
Term
What is Linux?
Definition
Free nonproprietary version of Unix. Open source software
Term
What is open source software?
Definition
anyone may make suggested improvements. may be used/downloaded for free. may be modified for free as long as modifications aren't copyrighted.
Term
What is an embedded operating system?
Definition
specialized system that is part of larger system of machine. resides on CPU chip
Term
What are the 5 legal types of Application software?
Definition
1)Commercial- offered for sale
2)Public domain- not copyrighted- legal to copy
3)Shareware- copyrighted- download for free and pay if you use it
4)Freeware- Copyrighted but available for free
5)Rentalware- copyrighted- lease for free
Term
What are the 4 types of Software license types?
Definition
1)Site- allow software to be used on all computers at a specific location
2)concurrent-user- allow a number of copies to be used at one time
3)Multi-user- specifies number of people who may use the software
4)single-user- limits software to one user at a time
Term
What is pirated software?
Definition
software obtained illegally in violation of copyright
Term
what is abandonware?
Definition
software that is no longer being sold or supported by its publisher
Term
what is custom software?
Definition
created by software engineers and programmers specifically for companies or individuals.
Term
What are vacuum tubes?
Definition
the original logic gates of computers. controlled flow of electricity in circuits
Term
what are transistors?
Definition
a tiny electrical switch that can be turned either on or off millions of times per second
Term
what is an intergrated circuit?
Definition
all the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip
Term
what is a microchip?
Definition
stores and processes data in electronic devices
Term
What is a microprocessor?
Definition
the miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip. comtains CPU
Term
what is binary?
Definition
the basic data-representation method for computers. uses 0 and 1
Term
What is a bit? what does it stand for?
Definition
each 0 or 1. binary digit
Term
What is a byte?
Definition
a group of 8 bits= one character, digit, or other value
Term
What are the values of a Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, and Terabyte?
Definition
KB- 1000
MB- one million
GB- one billion
TB-one trillion
Term
What is ASCII code?
Definition
binary commonly used for microcomputers. uses 7 or 8 bits ber character. provides 256 characters
Term
What is Unicode?
Definition
requires 16 bits per character. used for chinese and japanese
Term
What is machine language?
Definition
a binary type programming language (0's and 1's) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer.
Term
What is the motherboard?
Definition
main system board of the computer
Term
What are the two parts of the CPU?
Definition
Arithmetic logic unit part of the CPU that performs mathematical and logic operations
control unit- part of CPU that deciphers instructions and carries them out
Term
What are megahertz and gigahertz?
Definition
1 MHz= one million cycles per second
1 GHz=1 billion cycles per second.
Term
What is instruction cycle of the control unit?
Definition
Fetch, decode, execute
Term
what are registers?
Definition
high speed storage areas that temporarily store data during processing
Term
What are buses?
Definition
electrical data roadways used to transmit bits within the CPU and between CPU and other motherboard components
Term
What are the two types of memory storage?
Definition
Primary- RAM- temporary and volatile (goes away when computer is turned off
Secondary- external- flash cards, discs. permanent and nonvolatile
Term
What does RAM hold?
Definition
software instructions, data before and after the CPU processes it
Term
What is ROM?
Definition
Read only memory- cannot be written or erased without special equipment. are loaded at the factory with fixed start-up instructions that tell the computer how to load the operating system
Term
What is Flash memory?
Definition
nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed more than once. doesnt require battery
Term
What is a Cache?
Definition
temporarily stores instructions and data that the processor uses frequently to speed up processing. has three levels
Term
What is a port?
Definition
a connecting socket or jack on the outside of the computer unit or device into which are plugged different kinds of cables.
Term
What are the 3 kinds of ports?
Definition
1)Serial- used to transmit data slowly over long distances- sequentially, one bit at a time
2)parallel- for transmitting quickly- 8 bytes simultaniously
3)USB- for peripheral devices
Term
What are specialized ports?
Definition
1)firewire- for devices working with lots of data- camera, dvd player
2)multimedia- gaming consoles, tvs, speakers etc
3)HDMI- high def. video and audio
4)Bluetooth
5)Ethernet- links devices to local area network
Term
What are expansion cards?
Definition
used to expand function of computer- Graphics, sound, modem, network interface, PC cards (for laptops)
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