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Computer Final
study guidish thing for final
47
Computer Science
12th Grade
12/15/2008

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Basic Components of computer
Definition
  • All computer components are either hardware or software
  • hardware is the physical part (keyboard, mouse, etc.)
  • Sofware is the logical part (programming instructions,CD ROM disks and USB flash drives.)
some ex: widows XP, microsoft word, excel, video games, photos, music
Term
Peripherals
Definition
  • Hardware components ouside the system unit
  • mouse
  • keyboard
  • printer
  • monitor
  • scanner
Term
Bits
Definition
the most basic element of computer data
Term
Bytes
Definition
the size of software files, the capacity of disk drives and random access memory
Term
Megahertz
Definition
the speed of the computer's microprocessor
Term
Bits and Bytes
Definition
  • A bit is a single circuit in the computer system that is switched on or off.
  • 8 bits equals a byte and these 8 bits strung together in a specific order form codes.
Term
ASCII
Definition

an international accepted code for representing characters in the computer

  • defiens 128 alphabetic, numeric, and symbol characters.
  • stands for american standard code for information interchange
Term

A byte tnslates into a letter or action

Ex: the letter A is____

Definition

01000001

0 is off and 1 is on

The most comon storage measurement for comutersis the byte

Term
Kilobyte (KB)
Definition
approximately 1000 bytes - about one single-spaced typed page of text
Term
Megabyte (MB)
Definition
approximately 1 million bytes - about 3 average length novels
Term
Gigabyte (GB)
Definition
approximately 1 billion - about 3000 novels' worth of text or 1500 lage color pictures
Term
RAM
Definition

Random Access Memory

  • there are various types of RAM
  • the more you have the mroe programs your comuter can run at the same time
Term
Flash Drives / USB Drives
Definition
  • memory keys for portable storage of data
  • you plug into your USB port
Term
CPU
Definition

Central Processing Unit

  • provides brainpower for PC
  • Executes commands
  • Performs calculations
  • Plugs into motherboard
  • CPU's speed and capabilities is greatest factor for overall speed and power of system
Term
Chips
Definition
  • referred to as dual core - two brains and quad core
  • microprocessor
  • central processing unit
  • the brain
  • most important piece of hardware controlling the speed of your computer
Term
Motherboard
Definition
  • Largest circuit board in a PC
  • contains millions of electronic circuit elements on chips of silicon
  • has expansions slots (bus) that permits installation of other components
Term

GHz

 

Definition
  • Computer speed
  • speed of computer is measured in gigahertz
  • a hertz is a single oscillation (up and down movement) of an electromagnetic wave
  • giga means billions so many computers move at speeds of several billion waves a second.
Term
Refresh Rate
Definition
  • determines how fast the video controller redraws the display on the monitor
  • measured in hertz

 

Term
Dot Pitch
Definition
refers to the size of the individual points of lights (pixels) on the screen. Larger dots make the image fuzzy.
Term
Expansion Cards
Definition
  • Modular circuit boards that plug in the computer to add new features and capabilities
  • Ex: card to connect a scanner or video camera
  • Network or Land Card - for connection to the Local Area Network
  • TV - card to allow you to display a television picture through your screen
Term
Expansion Slots
Definition
  • Expansion cards just discussed plug into expansion slots located on the motheboard
  • Sometimes you can run out of slots and can no longer add extra features
Term
Ports
Definition
  • A port is a place to plug in a cable or a peripheral device, such as:
  • PS/2 ports - mouse and keyboard
  • USB port - for scanners, keyboards, cameras, monitors - Univeral Serial Bus
  • Phone jack
Term
Computer Sofware
Definition

Software is broken into basically the following:

- operating systems

- application sofware

- Data

Term
Examples of Operatin Systems
Definition
  • Necessary for the hardware to talk to application software and access data - it is like a traffic cop.
  • Runsyour file management system - My computer and Windows Explorer
  • Examples: Windows XP, Windows vista, linux, macintos system OS X (tiger) or OS X (leopard)
Term
Application Software
Definition
  • Microsoft word
  • microsoft excel
  • navigator
  • adobe photoshop
  • java programs for web design
Term
Example of file extension
Definition

.doc

.xls

.jpeg

Term
Ergonomics
Definition
science of designing the equipment we work with to maximize productivity and reduce fatigue
Term

A complete pathname consists of:

 

Definition
  • the drive the file is located on
  • the folders and subfolders where the file is located and
  • the filename as well as the extension indicating the type of application the created the file.
Term
GUI
Definition
graphical user interface
Term
WYSIWYG
Definition

what you see is what you get

(on your screen, is what you'll get on your printer)

 

The birth of desktop publishing

Term
Types of Computers and a quick def. of them
Definition

PC - personal computer

Supercomputer - the fastest problem solvers avilable. Used by science, higher mathematics, military and industrial research.

Term
Mainframes
Definition

Computers used by large companies to manage huge amounts of data (Ex: telephone companies, banks, etc.)

  • must be able to handle large databases, process rapidly, and print quickly
  • hundreds of users
  • PC's work with billions of bytes of data
  • Mainframes work with trillions of bytes
Term
Minicomputers
Definition

smaller processing and storage capacity tham mainframes but larger than PC's

- several linked together via network can be as powerful as mainframe

Term
LAN
Definition

Local Area Network

  •  share files and messages with other computer on network
Term
CRT
Definition
Cathode Ray Tube - slide soon to be retired due to flat panels
Term
Killer Application
Definition
a piece of software application that is so awesome or so useful that a person wants to buy a computer to use it.
Term
Nanotechnology
Definition
  • "Nanotechnology has given is the tools... to play with the ultimate toy box of nature-atoms and molecules. Everything is made from it... the possibilities to create new things appear limitless."
  • Nanotechnology is, broadly speaking, the art and science of manipulating and  rearranging individual atoms and melecules to create useful materials, devices, and systems
Term
One nanometer is _______ of a meter
Definition
one-billionth
Term
CRN
Definition

center for responsible nanotechnology

- nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale.

Term
In 1957, the U.S.S.R launched _____
Definition

Sputnik.

- first artificial earth satellite

ARPA (advanced research projects agency)

Term
ARPANET
Definition
In the 1960's, the U.S. Defense Department created a network that linked military computers centers together
Term

Name that Guy.

Created the world wide web in the early 1990's by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics

Definition
Tim Berner Lee
Term
The First publicly accessible web site was created in ______
Definition
1991
Term
When was the first browser made, and what is it called?
Definition
1993, called Mosaic, shortly after known as Netscape
Term
The Four Most important factors for Internet Growth:
Definition
  • E-mail - first killer application for the Internet
  • Invention of the WWW - every documanet has an address - URL
  • Browser - Everyday people could use a GUI(graphical user interface) to navigate the Web
  • Allowing commerce on the Internet - prior to that law - only used for research. After businesses and customers could interact.
Term
Who were Bill Gates and Paul Allen?
Definition
  • Wrote the first popular applications for the personal computer
  • Bought and modified an operating system to be used for the IBM PC.
  • Eventually this made microsoft's founders very rich
Term
So we know about Bill Gates and Paul Allen. What about the co founders?
Definition
  • Steve Jobs - the entrepeneur and idea man
  • Steve wozniak - technical guru of the first apple
  • The apple computer launched the PC Revolution
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