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| lists information about the files in the current directory or a specified directory. you can also specify a file to show just info for that file. |
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| Change the working directory to the specified directory. |
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| shows the name of the current directory. |
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| Used to move or rename files. Important options are the -I (interactive), which prompts before overwritting a destination file, and -n (noclobber), which will not overwrite an exsisting destination file. |
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| Used for configuring network interfaces for Linux servers and workstations, It is also used to view the current TCP/IP configuration of a system, including the IP address and the netmask address. |
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| Used for configuring wireless network interfaces. |
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| Displays the processes run by the cyrrent shell with details such as the PID, the terminal associated with the process, the accumulated CPU time, and the command that started the process. |
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| Copies and converts files to enable them to be transferred from one type of medium to another. |
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| A search tool for locating text within a file or a file within a directory. |
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| Used to change a users password, if no user name is given as an option, the current users password is changed. |
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| Delete files or directories. |
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| Closes and safely shuts down the system. |
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| Modifies permissions for a file. |
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| Change owner, the group, or both for a file or directory. |
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| Allows regular user to run programs with the security privileges of the specified user. |
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| Allows regular users to run programs with the security privileges of the root user. |
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| Used to install or upgrade packages through the Internet or from the distribution CD on Debian, Ubuntu, or related Linux distributions. |
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