Term
| Six stages of laser printing process |
|
Definition
| Cleaning, conditioning, writing, developing, transferring, fusing |
|
|
Term
| What is the troubleshooting process? |
|
Definition
| Identify problem, establish theory of probable cause, Test theory, establish plan of action, verify system functionality and implement preventative measures, document findings |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if you run out of theories for the cause of problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you wear to prevent ESD? |
|
Definition
| Wear an antistatic wrist strap |
|
|
Term
| If nothing appears on the display, what components could be the cause? |
|
Definition
| Video card and processor (Problem with RAM will likely still let you see something) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memory controller Hub. On intel boards It is informally known as the northbridge and handles communication between PCI-E, CPU and RAM. On AMD boards, the RAM is directly accessed by CPU and this chip is just called the northbridge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I/O controller hub. This is the central connection point between all secondary systems such as USB, Firewire and Harddrives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Front side bus. Connects MCH to the CPU. CPU should ideally match speeds prescribed by the motherboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bus is a wire (serial) or series of wires (parallel) that carry data from one place to another. Parallel busses are normally desiged in multiples of 8 wires. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bus that connect MCH to the RAM slots. |
|
|
Term
| What is the PCIe x16 interface? |
|
Definition
| A bus that connects the MCH to the x16 PCIe slot used for video. Usually there is only one of these on a mobo. |
|
|
Term
| Parallel buses are _____? |
|
Definition
| FSB, memory bus. Secondary parallel busses are IDE (PATA, CD, etc), Audio busses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PCIe is a group of serial busses. Secondary busses are USB, SATA, IEEE 1934 and lesser PCIe slots. |
|
|
Term
| Two types of drives technologies that have ports on the motherboard face. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Integrated Drive Electronics. Have 40 pins and utilize the PATA standard. The maximum data transfer rate is 133MB/s. Information is transferred in parallel. IDE connector has 40 pins, but may have 40 or 80 conductors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serial ATA. Replacing IDE. SATA sends data in a serial fashion and is faster than IDE. 2nd generation SATA offers a 300 MB/s rate transfer rate. They use a 7 pin connector. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral Component Interface. Replaced the ISA bus. Allows for connections to modem, video and network adapters. It has a white slot and is 32 bits wide using a 33Mhz frequency allowing for a transfer rate of 133MB/s or a 66Mhz allowing for 266MB/s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accelerated Graphics Port. Improvement over PCI for video cards. Developed for use with 3D accelerated cards. Comes in 66 x 1, x 2, x 4 or x 8 giving transfer rates 266MB/s, 533MB/s, 1GB/s and 2 GB/s. It utilizes parallel technology and is being replaced by PCIe. AGP connects directly to MCH. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A expansion bus that uses serial transfer techonology. Higher PCIe connects to MCH, lesser connects to ICH. PCIe sends and receives data in full-duples lanes. PCIe version 1 2 and 3 transfers data at 250, 500 and 1 GB/s per lane. Number of lanes PCIe can use is represented as x1 x 4 or x16. |
|
|
Term
| How do you measure the speed of the CPU? |
|
Definition
| The internal clock speed = base clock speed times multiplier. |
|
|
Term
| What can be used to tell if a battery has been discharged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LGA stands for what and what is the alternate name? |
|
Definition
| Land grid array, also known as socket T |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of a CPU to process two sets of instructions at once. |
|
|
Term
| What is a multicore processor? |
|
Definition
| CPUs that contain two or more actual processor cores in one CPU package. |
|
|
Term
| List 5 Intel processors and their speeds and characteristics. |
|
Definition
Core i7 Extreme - 3.29-3.33. GHz
Core i7 2.66 - 3.06 GHz
Core 2 Extreme - 2.66 - 3.2 GHz
Core 2 Quad - 2.4 - 3.0 GHz
Core 2 Duo - 1.8 - 3.33 GHz
Do not use an L3 cache - i7s have on-die MCH |
|
|
Term
| List 5 AMD processors, their speeds and characteristics. |
|
Definition
Phenom II X2, X3, X4 2.4GHz - 3.1GHz
Phenom X4 1.8 - 2.6 GHz
Phenom X3 1.9 - 2.5 GHz
Athlon X2 and II X2 1.9 - 3.1 GHz
All use L3 cache and have on die MCH. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are 64 bit CPUs?
Core 2 Duo, Phenom II, Pentium II, Celeron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a symptom of a failing CPU? |
|
Definition
| It is operating past the recommended voltage range. |
|
|
Term
| What is DRAM and SRAM? How are they different? |
|
Definition
| DRAM is Dynamic Random Access Memory. Needs to be refreshed. Installed as sticks into the mobo. Inexpensive and slower than SRAM. SRAM is Static Random Access Memory. Does not need refreshing. Normally soldered as chip onto mobo. Is faster and more expensive than DRAM. Used as cache memory for CPU (such as register). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synchronous DRAM is synched to the base clock of the mobo. (system bus speed) Clock rates for SDRAM are 66, 100 and 133 MHz, referred to as PC66, PC100 and PC133. In stick format it is designed as a 168 pin DIMM. (Dual in line memory module) Speeds are the RAM speed times the 64 bit bus width. |
|
|
Term
| What is a DIMM and what is a SIMM? How are they different? |
|
Definition
| Dual in line memory module and single in line memory module. A DIMM has separate electrical charges on each side of the module and can be installed by itself. A SIMM might have contacts on both sides but are redundant, must be installed in pairs. DIMMs are the current standard. |
|
|
Term
| What is DDR ram and how do we calculate its speed? |
|
Definition
| Double data rate RAM. It is double-pumped at runs at twice normal SDRAM speed. It transfers twice the data at same clock speed. Has 184 pins. Clock speed x bytes x 2 = data transfer rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double data rate RAM made faster through faster signaling which requires more pins. Has 240 pins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double data rate RAM made faster, more reliable and using less power. Has 240 pins |
|
|
Term
| What is single and dual channel RAM? What are the differences? |
|
Definition
| Single channel is the original RAM architecture. (64 bit bus) Dual channel utilizes two separate 64 bit channels to double the data rate by creating a 128 bit wide bus. A mobo supporting this will have two (or three) color coded banks. |
|
|
Term
| Should you connect a laser printer to a UPS? |
|
Definition
| No. A laser printer will consume too much battery power. |
|
|
Term
| What will protect a computer from a power outage or a brownout? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ATX form factors and voltages? |
|
Definition
ATX - P1 20 pin connector
ATX 12 V 1.0 - 1.3 P1 20 pin connector and P4 12 V connector - uses supplemental 6 pin AUX for provides additioanl 3.3 and 5V supplies to mobo
ATX 12V 2.0 P1 24 pin connector - uses SATA power cable |
|
|
Term
| What are the four most common power connectors? What are their characteristics? |
|
Definition
Molex - IDE hard drives, optical drives (Red 5V) (Black G) (Black G) (Yellow 12V)
Mini - Floppy drives (Red 5V) (Black G) (Black G) (Yellow 12V)
SATA - SATA drives - 15 pin, 3.3V, 5V and 12V
PCIe - PCIe cards - 6 pin |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if the fan fails on a power supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you check to see if an AC outlet is working? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only device that gives you a numerical value of voltage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what device tests multiple wires of a power supply at once? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary PATA standards? |
|
Definition
ATA/ATAPI 4 33/MBs (33MHz) AKA ATA-4 or UltraATA/33
ATA/ATAPI 5 66/MBs (66MHz) AKA ATA-5 or UltraATA/66
ATA/ATAPI 6 100/MBs (100MHz) AKA ATA-4 or UltraATA/100
ATA/ATAPI 7 133/MBs (133MHz) AKA ATA-7 or UltraATA/133 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three SATA versions? |
|
Definition
SATA 1.x - SATA 1.5 Gbit/s - 150MB/s
SATA 2.x - SATA 3.0 Gbit/s - 300MB/s
SATA 3.x - SATA 6.0 Gbit/s - 600MB/s |
|
|
Term
| What is a hard drive's cache? |
|
Definition
| Onboard drive DRAM that allows drive to perform faster. |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary 4 SCSI standards? |
|
Definition
Ultra3 SCSI - 160 MB/s- 68/80 pin - parallel transmission
Ultra-320 SCSI - 320 MB/s - 68/80 pin - parallel transmission
Ultra-640 SCSI - 640 MB/s - 68/80 pin - parallel transmission
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) - 300 MB/s SSF 8482/8484/8470 Serial transmission |
|
|
Term
| What is RAID? What are the primary configurations? |
|
Definition
| Redundant array of inexpensive disks. RAID 0 - striping (at least 2 disks). RAID 1 - mirroring (at least 2 disks and only 2). RAID 5 - mirroring and striping with parity (at least 3 disks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inclusion of service packs or a patch in the new installation of a program. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The quickpath interconnect. Replaces the FSB on i7 processors. |
|
|
Term
| What cable has a fireproof sheath? |
|
Definition
| Plenum cable. Use with drop ceilings, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is the AGP aperture? |
|
Definition
| The amount of system memory available to the AGP slot. |
|
|
Term
| What are the lastest service packs for recent versions of windows and office? |
|
Definition
Vista - SP2 - Incremental
XP - SP3 - Incremental
Windows 2000 - SP4 - Cumulative
Windows NT 4.0 - SP6 - Cumulative
Office 2007 - SP2 - Cumulative
Office 2003 - SP3 - Cumulative
Office 2000 - SP3 - Cumulative |
|
|
Term
| What is CD, MD and RD in DOS? |
|
Definition
| Change directory, Make directory and remove directory. |
|
|
Term
| Which operating system enables you to extend volumes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the boot loader for windows Vista and what is the configuration data store? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bootloader for windows XP and what contains the menu of OSs and boot options? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different file system? |
|
Definition
FAT 12 - used for floppy disks
FAT 16 (FAT) - Outdated, can only partition up to 4 GB
FAT 32 - Used by flash drives, can only partition up to 32 GB
exFAT - used by USB flash drives, can handle large file partitions
NTFS - Most common, can handle partitions up to 2 TB. Supports metadata and file encryption.
CDFS - Compact disc file system
Numbers after the FAT are the bit sizes of the file allocation tables |
|
|
Term
| What is windows 7's backup program? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is windows vista's backup program called? |
|
Definition
| Backup status and configuration. |
|
|
Term
| What is windows XP's backup utility called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you defragment a drive with less than 15% available space? |
|
Definition
| with command "defrag - f" |
|
|
Term
| What key do you use to bring up the advanced boot options menu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the advanced boot options? |
|
Definition
Safe mode - loaded with minimal drivers
Safe mode w/networking - minimal drivers and network support
Safe mode w/command prompt - minimal drivers and loads command prompt instead of GUI
LKGC - starts system with last config that worked
Directory service restore mode - Used to restore a domain controller's active directory (windows server)
Debug mode - Enables use of debug program to examine system kernel
Disable auto restart on system failure (Win 7 and vista) - Prevents windows from automatically restarting.
-Disable driver signature enforcement (Win 7 and vista only) - Enables drivers with improper signatures to be installed
Start windows normally - |
|
|
Term
| What is WinRE and what is the recovery console? |
|
Definition
| WinRE is used by Win 7, vista, win server 2008 to recover windows from boot errors. recovery console is what was used in XP/2000. |
|
|
Term
| What are the WinRE recovery options? |
|
Definition
Startup repair - scans computer for startup problem, attempts to repair files.
System restore - restores computer system to an earlier point in time
Windows complete PC restore - restores contents of hard disk from a backup. Only included with vista business and ultimate
Command prompt - puts user in command prompt mode to use these functions to perform recovery operations
Windows Memory Diagnostic tool - Scans computer memory for errors |
|
|
Term
| How do you use the recovery console? |
|
Definition
| Used on windows XP and 2000. boot from CD or from previously installed recovery console. Use switch "/cmdcons" to install to hard drive |
|
|
Term
| What are the two Vista boot errors? How do you recover? |
|
Definition
BOOTMGR is missing - boot to system recovery options and select startup repair
or boot to CMD prompt and type command bootrec /fixboot
BCD file is missing information - same as option 1 above or boot to CMD prompt and type "bootrec/ rebuildbcd" or you can rebuild the BCD manually. |
|
|
Term
| What are windowsXP/2000 boot errors? How do you recover? |
|
Definition
| These versions of windows use NTLDR, Boot.ini, NTDETECT.COM and NToskrnl.exe files during startup. To recover, reboot to windows CD and access the recovery console (XP/2000) or reboot to windows CD and select emergency repair (2000) or repair the installation or restore of windows. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three log files in event viewer? |
|
Definition
System - deals with OS, hardware
Application - deals with programs
Security - deals with access |
|
|
Term
| What is problems reports and solution and what is Dr. Watson? |
|
Definition
| PRAS is a new program in vista that checks for solutions to hardware and software problems. Win 7 incorporates this into the action center. PRAS took place of Dr. Watson from XP/2000. Dr. Watson was a system and application failure analysis tool. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A BSOD. It halts the operating system and displays a blue screen. Usually caused by a failed or corrupt driver but also by memory errors. |
|
|
Term
| How do you make changes to the startup and recovery window? |
|
Definition
| Start - computer - properties - advanced system settings link - advanced tab and settings button. |
|
|
Term
| How can you restore windows? |
|
Definition
| In Vista, use the complete PC backup. in XP, use the ASR. Both versions will allow a restore to an earlier condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tool in the command prompt that checks a disk and can fix some erros with the /f switch. |
|
|
Term
| What is SFC? How do you run it? |
|
Definition
| System file checker is a Vista/XP/2000 utility that checks protected system files. Run in the CMD prompt as SFC / scannow or SFC / scanonce |
|
|
Term
| How do you run the convert command and what does it do? |
|
Definition
Allows conversion of FAT32 to NTFS without losing any data. example:
Convert d: /FS:NTFS |
|
|
Term
| What is the format command? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| Allows you to format HDDs and SSDs to FAT, FAT 32 or NTFS. Can specify format by inserting /FS:filesystem switch |
|
|
Term
| What is the diskpart command? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| The CMD counterpart of Windows' disk management. Run with diskpart to get the prompt. When done, type exit. |
|
|
Term
| What is the defrag command? What does it do?q |
|
Definition
| CMD version of disk degragmenter. Run with switch -a to analyze, and with -f if the volume has less that 15% available space |
|
|
Term
| What is the xcopy command? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| Copies large amount of data from one location to another . |
|
|
Term
| What are the recovery options command prompt options? |
|
Definition
Edit - used to create and modify text files
Copy - copies files from one location to another, can be used to replace missing files, such as from CDs to the hard disk.
Expand - extracts compressed files. Noted by an underscore at the end of the file.
Also the bootrec files...fixboot, fixmbr, rebuildbcd and scanos (vista)
and fixboot and fixmbr (XP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Advanced configuration and power interface. Allows windows to control device power management instead of the BIOS. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common type of expansion busses for laptops? |
|
Definition
| PCMCIA (PC Card), Cardbus, and Expresscard. Must be supported by card services (drivers) and socket services (BIOS access to slots) |
|
|
Term
| What are the details of PCcard, expresscard and cardbus? |
|
Definition
PCcard - Type 1 (3.3mm) - 20MB/s - RAM or flash memory
PCcard/Cardbus - Type II (5mm) (PCcard 20MB/S, Expresscard 133MB/s) - Network adapters or modems
PCcard/Cardbus - Type III (10.5MM) - same speeds as type II - used as hard drives
Expresscard - PCIe mode or USB mode - 2.5 Gbps, 480 Gbps respectively - eSata drives, soundcards, ethernet devices etc.
PCcard and cardbus use parallel, expresscard uses serial. PCcard has 16 bus width, cardbus has 32. PCcard and cardbus have 68 pins, Expresscard has 26. |
|
|
Term
| What are the ways laptops can communicate with other computeres? |
|
Definition
| Wired and wireless ethernet. Bluetooth, IrDA, cellular WAN and dial up. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of video tech do most laptops incorporate and what is a common resolution? |
|
Definition
| TFT active matrix and 1280 X 800 (WXGA) |
|
|
Term
| Describe types of hard drives in laptops. |
|
Definition
| Use PATA or SATA disk, but more usually SATA. Typically are 1.8 inches or 2.5 inches PATA drives use a 44 pin ribbon cable that is smaller and combines power and data pins in one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Laptops use SO-DIMMs.
SDRAM - 144 pin - PC66 - PC133
DDR - 200 pin - DDR 200 - 400
DDR2 - 200 pin - DDR2 400 - DDR2 1066
DDR3 - 204 pin - DDR3 800 - DDR4 2000 |
|
|
Term
| What are common socket for laptops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do your insert a SO-DIMM in a laptop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the 5 most common video ports. |
|
Definition
VGA - blue, three rows of 3 pins
DVI - High quality connection that is partially compatible with HDMI. With with -A (analog only) - I (digital and analog) -D (digital only) - DL (Dual link) and M1-DA (digital, analog and USB) Most video cards use DVI
HDMI - support high def video and audio. A supports all HD modes, compatible with DVI, B is double bandwitdth, supports higher resolutions, C is used in portable devices, and D is the smallest connector used in portable devices
S-Video - Separate video. Used for standard definition video, no audio. Uses mini-IDIN 4 pin or 7 pin connector
Component/RGB - used to send analog or digital signal over three wires. Ends in an RCA plug, can send HD signal digitally. |
|
|
Term
| What is SLI? What is the it called from ATI? |
|
Definition
| Scalable Link interface. Allows 2 or more video cards to work in tandem. ATI's tech is called crossfire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liquid crystal display. A flat panel consisting of 2 sheets of polarizing material. Most displays are TFT active matrix. |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of LCDs? |
|
Definition
| Use low power, generate low heat, cause little interference. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A comparison of the brightest and darkest colors (black and white) that can be generated on a display. |
|
|
Term
| What is native resolution? |
|
Definition
| The resolution at which the LCD works its best. |
|
|
Term
| What should you use to clean an LCD screen? |
|
Definition
| A mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cathode ray tube. A older video display that uses a vacuum tube display amd utilizes three electron guns to display the colors red, green and blue to a flourescent screen. These are grouped into triads are emitted by phosphors onto the screen. A triad consists of three dots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distance between the two like colors of adjacent triads. The lower the dot pitch, the better the image. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Available in DLP, CRT and LCD versions. DLP use light valves with rotating color wheels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programs that enable the operating system to comminicate with the actual device. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to describe the amount of bits that represent color. 1 bit color is known as monochrome. Colors now range between 8-32 bit. Since binary has two values, you take 2 to the power of the color depth to get the amount of colors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of pixels on a screen. Measured Horizontally by vertically. |
|
|
Term
| What are the windows resolutions? |
|
Definition
VGA - Video graphics array - 640x480, 4:3
SVGA -Super VGA - 800x600, 4:3
XGA - eXtended GA - 1024x768, 4:3
WXGA min - wscreenXGA min- 1280x720,16:9
WXGA - widescreen XGA - 1280x800, 16:10
WXGAHD - WXGA high def - 1366x768,16:9
SXGA - Super XGA - 1280x1024, 5:4
SXGA+ - Super XGA plus, 1400x1050, 4:3
UXGA - Ultra XGA 1600x1200, 4:3
WSXGA+ - 1680x1050 16:10
WSXGA+HD - 1680x945
WUXGA - 1920x1200 8:5
1080P and 1080i, full HD, 1920x1080 16:9 |
|
|
Term
| What is the aspect ratio? |
|
Definition
| The image's width divided by its height. So, 4:3 means that for every 4 pixels running horizontally, there are 3 pixels running vertically. |
|
|
Term
| What is the refresh rate? |
|
Definition
| The amount of times a display is "painted" per second. Specifically known as vertical refresh rate. Measured in Hz. Note that horizontal refresh rate is measured in KHz. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On screen display. Appears over the monitor's display and can be accessed by pushing a menu button. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of decreasing an unwanted magnetic field in the CRT. The CRT has a metal plate near the front of the monitor that can pick up magnetic fields over time. This can discolor or have other undesired effects on the screen. |
|
|
Term
| What are the maximum amount of monitors a user can have in multiple monitor mode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a laptop, dualview supports how many monitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the typical ports (and their colors) on sound cards? |
|
Definition
Line in, blue
Subwoofer and center speaker, gold
Output for surround sound 7.1, light grey
Output for surround sound, black
Output for main stereo & headphones, green
Microphone in, pink
S/PDIF, optical in and out. (White for out, black for in. |
|
|
Term
| What is the TRS 1/8 mini jack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/PDIF port that delivers high quality digital sound over fiberoptic cable. Maximum 10 meters. |
|
|
Term
| What is the sampling rate of a standard audio CD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the differences of audio types? |
|
Definition
Audio CD - 44kHz - 16bit - 1411 kbps
DVD-A - 192kHz - 24bit - 9.6 Mbps
MP3 N/A, N/A, 128-320 kbps
WMA N/A, N/A, 48-192 kbps |
|
|
Term
| What is the standard for the color scheme of 1/8 mini jacks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is USB and what are the different versions and speeds? |
|
Definition
USB 1.0 - Low speed - 1.5 Mbps
USB 1.1 - Full speed - 12 Mbps
USB 2.0 High speed - 480 Mbps
USB 3.0 Super speed - 5.0 Gbps |
|
|
Term
| What are the maximum amount of USB devices that can be daisy chained? |
|
Definition
| 127, with no more than 5 hubs |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum length of a USB cable? |
|
Definition
| 3 meters for USB 1.1 and 5 meters for USB 2.0. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has four pins, uses serial technology. has a +5V pin for power, a positive data cable a negative data cable and a grounding cable.
Type A and type B connectors have 4 pins and mini and micro connectors have 5 pins. |
|
|
Term
| What are some solutions to USB problems? |
|
Definition
| USB has been disabled in BIOS, connectivity is off, computer is not running USB 2.0. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main advantage of IEEE 1394 (firewire) over USB. |
|
Definition
| USB suffers from latency issues. IEEE 1394 has a zero latency connection. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three common names for IEEE1394? |
|
Definition
| Firewire, i-link and lynx |
|
|
Term
| How many IEEE 1394 devices can be daisy chained together? |
|
Definition
| 63, with no more than 16 per chain. |
|
|
Term
| What are the versions of IEEE 1394? |
|
Definition
IEEE 1394a - 400Mbps - 4/6 circuit - 4.5 meter cable length
IEEE 1934b - 800Mbps - 9 circuit - 10 meters (100 with CAT5e)
Firewire 400 (same as IEEE 1394a)
Firewire 800 (same as IEEE 1394b)
Firewire S1600 1.6 Gbps - 9 circuit 10 meters
Firewire S3200 3.2 Gbps - 9 circuit 10 meters |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum connection for an external modem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The original serial bus. worked with 9-pin serial connectors. These ports were limited to a max rate of 115.2 Kbps. |
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Term
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Definition
| An outdated parallel port. Mostly used for printers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A connector used to connect mice and keyboards to computers. Almost non-existent - used 6 pins, keyboard ports were purple, mice were green. Keyboards are assigned IRQ1 and mice are assigned IRQ12 |
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Term
| What connector do MIDI devices use? |
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Definition
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Term
| Print quality is measured in what ? |
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Definition
| DPI, dots per inch, typically 600 for a laser printer. |
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Term
| Dot matrix printers offer what kinds of print heads? |
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Definition
| 9 pin or 24 pin head, for higher quality. |
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Term
| What are the three options for when a job goes to print? |
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Definition
Send directly to printer
Start printing immediately
Start printing after last page is spooled
This is in order from fastest to slowest - the slower you go, the less issues (stall and printing failures) you have |
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Term
| How do you start and stop the printer spooler in CMD prompt? |
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Definition
| Net start spooler and net stop spooler |
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Term
| What are some typical problems with laser printers and how to solve them? |
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Definition
Black lines on paper - scratch on drum or dirty primary corona wire
No image on paper - transfer corona wire has failed |
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Term
| How do you navigate to the IP property window? |
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Definition
XP - Start - control panel - network and internet options - network connections - right click LAN icon - select properties - highlight internet protocol and click properties
Vista - start - control panel - network and internet - network and sharing - manage my network - right click LAN - select properties - highlight IP4 and click properties |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of 4 octets. Each octet can be between 0 and 255. Each number is separated by a dot. The IP address is a 32 bit number but is expressed in decimal notation. |
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Term
| What happens with a dynamic IP address? |
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Definition
| a computer seeks out a DHCP server so it can get its ip information automatically. |
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Term
| What happens with a static ip address? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Automatic private IP addressing. It happens when a computer cannot contact a DHCP server and self assigns an IP address. If it self assigns it will be on the 169.254.0.0 network. |
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Term
| Ip address have two portions. What are they? |
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Definition
| Network and host portion. 255s indicate network portions and 0s indicate host portions. |
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Term
| The IP address of the host must be the same as the gateway address or what? |
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Definition
| the host cannot connect to the internet. |
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Term
| What does the DNS server do? |
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Definition
| It resolves (translates) domain names to IP addresses. |
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Term
| What are the IP classifications? |
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Definition
A - 1-126 Sub mask: 255.0.0.0
B - 128-191 Sub mask: 255.255.0.0
C - 192-223 Sub mask: 255.255.255.0
D - 224 - 239 Sub mask: 255.255.255.255
E 240 - 255 Sub mask: ?
note that 255 is network and 0 is node. Number 127 is used for loopback testing. |
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Term
| What are the private IP ranges? |
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Definition
A - 10.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
B - 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
C - 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
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Term
| What is a private IP address? |
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Definition
| One that is not displayed directly to the internet and is normally behind a firewall. |
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Term
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Definition
| The next generation of IP addressing. Response to global shortage of IP addresses. IPv6 is a 128 bit system, whereas Ipv4 is a 32 bit system. |
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Term
| What are the two settings on a network adapter? |
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Definition
| Half duplex and full duplex. Half means that the adapter can send or receive but not at the same time. |
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Term
| What is the ethernet network. |
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Definition
| A family of network technologies for LANs governed by IEEE 802.3 standards. |
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Term
| What is the HTTP inbound web server port #? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common protocols and their ports? |
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Definition
FTP - 21
SSH - 22
TELNET - 23
SMTP - 25
HTTP - 80
POP3 - 110
HTTPS - 443 |
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Term
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Definition
| File transfer protocol - allows computers to transfer files back and forth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secure shell enables data to be exchanged between computers on a secure channel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Telecomuunication network. Is rarely used and is insecure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple mail transfer protocol. When you send email from home it goes to an SMTP server who receives it on port 25. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertext transfer protocol. Transfers web pages and other web based material from a web server onto web browser. |
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Term
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Definition
| Post office protocol 3 is used by mail cloents to retrieve incoming mail from a mail server. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertext transfer protocol secure sends and received information like HTTP but includes the transport layer security protocol. |
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Term
| The activity LED _____ when data is passed through. The connectivity LED will ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| The computer name changes window allows you to add your computer to what? |
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Definition
| A workgroup and a domain. |
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Term
| What are the UTP categories? |
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Definition
Cat 3 - 10Mbps
Cat 5 - 100Mbps
Cat 5e - 100Mbps and gigabit networks
Cat 6 - rated for 100Mbps and gigabit networks. |
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Term
| What are the tools to rest the various categories of UTP? |
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Definition
Patch testers - test shorter cable...need both ends in one location
Continuity testers - test longer cable runs
Time domain reflectometers - locate faults |
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Term
| What type of cable is immune to EMI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Since UTP is subsceptible to EMI, what is the more expensive twisted pair alternative? |
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Definition
| STP - has metal shielding over the wires. |
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Term
| What is inconfig? What is the switch used with it to view MAC addreses and DNS servers? |
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Definition
| Ipconfig displays current TCP/IP configuration values. /all is the switch. |
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Term
| What is ping? What does it do and how can you ping yourself? |
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Definition
| A command that tests to see if the host is "alive". To test to see if TCP/IP is installed correctly, you ping 127.0.0.1 (the loopback address). This allows you to ping yourself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traceroute, it builds on ping in that it sends packets to destinations. It pings each router along the way. |
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Term
| What is netstat? What is the switch to see information numerically? |
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Definition
| A command that show the network statistics for the local computer. -N is the switch. |
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Term
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Definition
| A command that queries DNS servers to discover DNS details including the ip address of hosts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of commands. Net view lets you see what computers are available on the network, for example. The net stop spooler is another example. |
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Term
| What is a main cause of email not working? |
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Definition
| A firewall has been installed. Firewalls shield all incoming ports. You have have to add an exception in the firewall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small office home office network. |
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Term
| What is needed for dial up? |
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Definition
| A phone line, an ISP account, a modem and software to operate the modem. |
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Term
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Definition
| it modulates and demodulates signals that travel between the computer and the phone line. It sends data in a serial fashion. |
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Term
| How are internal modems different from external? |
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Definition
| Internal modems use an onboard UART (universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) that converts the serial information coming from the phone line into parallel date to be sent to the processor. The external modem relies on the UART that is built into the serial port of the computer. |
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Term
| What is DSL? What are the two types and their speeds? |
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Definition
ADSL (Asymmetrical digital subscriber line). Runs on the phone line so you can use phone and internet at same time. Speeds is generally 500Kbps - 1Mbps.
SDSL (symmetrical) is installed in a separate line. offers speeds of 384K, 768K, 1.1M and 1.5M. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is faster than DSL. Average is 5-7 Mbps. Internet connectivity is shared by customer base. The more people on, the slower it is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Utilizes a dish. Offers broadband speeds, but latency can be an issue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intergrated Services digital network. Users can do everything on one line. Basic rate runs at 128Kbs, Primary rate runs at 1.536 Mbps. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A series of protocols that define the speeds and frequencies of transmitting data over radiowaves. |
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Term
| What are the 802.11x standards? |
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Definition
802.11a - 54Mbps - 5Ghz - OFDM
802.11b - 11Mbps - 2.4 GHz - DSSS
802.11g - 54Mbps - 2.4 GHz - OFDM
802.11n - 600Mbps (typically 300) 5 or 2.4GHZ - OFDM |
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Term
| What is blue tooth? What are the versions, classes and speeds? |
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Definition
Short range radio technology.
Class I - 100 meter range
Class II - 10 meter range
Class III - 1 meter range
Version 1 721Kbps
Version 2 2.1Mbps |
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Term
| What are the wireless encryption standards? |
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Definition
WEP - wired equivalent privacy - 64bit
WPA2 - wifi protected access - 256bit
TKIP - temporal key integrity protocol - 128 bit
AES - advanced encryption standard - 128/192/256 bit. |
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Term
| how far can a UTP cable send data? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is NAT, SPI and MAC filtering? |
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Definition
| NAT is network address translation. Hides internal IP addresses under a single public IP address. SPI is stateful packet inspection which is a firewall that monitors packets according to each session they belong to. MAC filtering allows only the MAC addresses on the network list to send data through the router. All these protect the LAN. |
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Term
| What is the safest way to close a pop up window? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the best mode to use when scanning for viruses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the five primary registry hives? |
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Definition
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - stores info about applications file associations
HKEY_CURRENT_USER - stores settings for currently logged on user
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - stores hard/software settings for computer
HKEY_USERS - stores data that corresponds to all users that have logged on to computer
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - contains info gathered at startup |
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