Term
| How is a successful tracheal intubation checked? |
|
Definition
visualization of the tube passing through the cords
tube condensation
chest and epigastric auscultation
chest wall expansion. |
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|
Term
| MC indication for surgical intubation is? |
|
Definition
| failure to intubate and ventilate |
|
|
Term
| Where is surgical airway accessed? |
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Definition
| through the cricothyroid membrane in the midline between the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage, approximately one-third the dis- tance from the manubrium to the mentum |
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|
Term
| In what age group is a cricothyrotomy contraindicated? |
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Definition
| Children under 12 y/o due to small membrane size - needle cricothyrotomy should be used instead |
|
|
Term
| Dominant cardiac pace maker and rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to sinus node? |
|
Definition
RCA - 55% of people
LCirA - 45% of people |
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to AV node? Type of MI affecting it's blood supply? |
|
Definition
RCA - 90% of people, LCirA - 10%
INFERIOR MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| QRS on EKG represents what? |
|
Definition
| Ventricular depolarization |
|
|
Term
| PR interval is commonly used as an estimate of what? Lengthened PR interval denotes? |
|
Definition
| AV nodal conduction/ Lengthened = delay in conduction through the AV node |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal P-wave duration? Normal P-wave amplitude? |
|
Definition
duration - less than 0.10s (2.5mm)
amplitude - less than 0.3s (3mm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.06 - 0.10s (1.5 - 2.5mm) |
|
|
Term
| Large Q waves are due to ? |
|
Definition
| An unexcitable area under the electrode |
|
|
Term
| Duration and amplitude of a normal Q-wave? |
|
Definition
duration - less than 0.04s
amplitude - height one-third that of the QRS complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
|
|
Term
| Two general reasons to treat tachycardic dysrhythmias? |
|
Definition
Hypoperfusion - shock, altered mental status, anginal chest pain, or pulmonary edema
Potential to Degenerate - into more serious dysrhythmia or cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| MC dysrhythmia in children, affected by respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinus bradycardia is defined as a rate below ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What criteria requires intervention in bradycardia? |
|
Definition
hypoperfusion - less than 50 bpm and symptomatic
Potential to degenerate - into more serious dysrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| Initial treatment for sinus bradycardia causing hypoperfusion? |
|
Definition
| Atropine 0.5 mg to 1 mg IV - up to 3mg |
|
|
Term
| Permanent treatment for recurrent sinus bradycardia causing hypoperfusion symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac dysrhythmia caused by methylxan- thine toxicity? |
|
Definition
| MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA |
|
|
Term
| MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA is MC seen in who? |
|
Definition
| most often found in elderly patients with decompensated chronic lung disease, CHF or sepsis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for multifocal atrial tachycardia? |
|
Definition
| Magnesium sulfate 2 g IV over 60 s, followed by a constant infusion of 1 to 2g / h, has been shown to decrease ectopy and convert MFAT to sinus rhythm in many patients. |
|
|
Term
| dysrhythmia described as a regular atrial rate between 250 - 350 in a sawtooth pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A-flutter MC seen in pts who have? |
|
Definition
| ischemic heart disease or acute myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Most successful treatment of a-flutter? |
|
Definition
| Low-energy cardioversion (anti-coagulants as well) |
|
|
Term
| A-fib MC found in pts with what conditions? |
|
Definition
hypertension,
ischemic heart disease,
rheumatic heart disease,
thyrotoxicosis |
|
|
Term
| Before converting a pt from a-fib to sinus rhythm, what should you administer and why? |
|
Definition
| heparin for anti-coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synchronized Cardioversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reentry (Most common)
ectopic pacemaker above the bifurcation of the bundle of His |
|
|
Term
| Non-pharmacological tx of acute SVT? |
|
Definition
1) Valsalva maneuver (>10sec increments)
2) Facial immersion into ice water
3) Carotid sinus massage |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacologic tx of acute SVT? |
|
Definition
| Adenosine, initially 6 mg rapid IV bolus. If there is no effect within 2 min, a second dose of 12 mg can be given |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lidocaine 1mg/kg IV or Procainamide |
|
|
Term
| accelerated idioventricular rhythm is MC found in pts who have? |
|
Definition
| acute myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for pulseless V-tach is? |
|
Definition
| Defibrillation (Unsynchronized cardioversion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synchronized cardioversion |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for v-fibrillation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolonged PR interval is characteristic of which dysrhythmia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which dysrhythmia is characterized by progressively prolonging p-waves with an eventual block of ventricular response? |
|
Definition
| 2nd degree AV block - Mobitz I (Wenchebach) |
|
|
Term
| Which dysrhythmia is described as complete interruption in AV conduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysrhythmia characterized by an occasional non-conduction of an atrial impulse? |
|
Definition
| Second degree AV block - Mobitz II |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for 2nd degree AV heart blocks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysrhythmia that eventually converts to 3rd degree AV heart block? |
|
Definition
| 2nd degree Mobitz II heart block |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac meds in class 1 work by ? |
|
Definition
| Blocking Sodium channels - Procanimide, Lidocaine |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac meds in Class II work by ? |
|
Definition
| Beta-blockers - Propranolol, Esmolol, Labetalol |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac meds in class III work by ? |
|
Definition
| Anti-dysrhythmic - Amiodarone, Bretylium |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac meds in class IV work by ? |
|
Definition
| CCB - Verapamil, Diltiazem, |
|
|
Term
| The most common rhythm seen in pediatric arrest situations is ? |
|
Definition
| bradycardia leading to asystole |
|
|
Term
| When should Chest compressions be started in a child with bradyarrhythmia? |
|
Definition
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