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Comprehensive ESS Exam cjc4966 ntq8726
Earth and Space Science
40
Other
12th Grade
12/16/2019

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Cards

Term

Deforestation

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Definition
The permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forests.
Term

Paleontology

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Definition
study of prehistoric life
Term

Vegan

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Definition
a person who does not eat or use animal products.
Term

Animal Agriculture

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Definition
the practice of breeding animals for the production of animal products and for recreational purposes
Term

Climate Change

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Definition
the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
Term

flood

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Definition
an overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
Term

Tornado

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Definition
a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.
Term

Hurricane

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Definition
a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls
Term

Earthquake

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Definition
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
Term

Tsunami

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Definition
a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Term

Permafrost

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Definition
ground, including rock or soil, with a temperature that remains at or below the freezing point of water 0 °C for two or more years.
Term

Humidity

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Definition
a quantity representing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere or in a gas.
Term

Ocean Current

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Definition
a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences.
Term

Paleoclimatology

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Definition
study of ancient climates
Term

Population

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Definition
all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
Term

atmosphere

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Definition
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Term

Erosion

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Definition
the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location.
Term

Carbon Cycle

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Definition
the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Term

Organic

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Definition
relating to or derived from living matter.
Term

Inorganic

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Definition
not consisting of or deriving from living matter.
Term

The Goldilocks Effect

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Definition
refers to an infant's preference to attend to events that are neither too simple nor too complex according to their current representation of the world.
Term

Habitable Zone

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Definition
the range of distances from a star where liquid water might pool on the surface of an orbiting planet.
Term

Phylogenetic

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Definition
the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.
Term

Abiogenesis

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Definition
the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
Term

Panspermia

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Definition
  1. the theory that life on the earth originated from microorganisms or chemical precursors of life present in outer space and able to initiate life on reaching a suitable environment.
Term

Bacteria

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Definition
a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some which can cause disease.
Term

Archaea

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Definition
These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes.
Term

Eukarya

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Definition
These are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.
Term

Extremophiles

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Definition
  1. a microorganism, especially an archaean, that lives in conditions of extreme temperature, acidity, alkalinity, or chemical concentration.
Term

Thermophiles

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Definition
  1. a bacterium or other microorganism that grows best at higher than normal temperatures.
Term

Chemosynthesizers

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Definition
Any organism that creates organic matter with energy derived from chemical reactions.
Term

Acidophiles

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Definition
organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below).
Term

Halophiles

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Definition
  1. an organism, especially a microorganism, that grows in or can tolerate saline conditions.
Term

Methanogens

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Definition
  1. a methane-producing bacterium, especially an archaean which reduces carbon dioxide to methane.
Term

Europa

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Definition
Europa is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 79 known moons of Jupiter.
Term

Microbe

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Definition
a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.
Term

Black Smokers

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Definition
a type of hydrothermal vent typically found on the sea floor. These vents are often referred to as underwater geysers.
Term

Hydrothermal Vent

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Definition
a fissure on the seafloor from which geothermally heated water issues.
Term

DNA

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Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Term

Ancestor

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Definition
a person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.
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