Term
| Lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid cell lines all come from what common precursor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the various sites of hematopoiesis throughout life? |
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Definition
| yolk sac then fetal liver; from 3-7 months in spleen; from 4-5 months and rest of life it occurs in bone marrow |
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Term
| Name the three types of cells that come from the common granulocyte precursor? |
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Definition
| neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil |
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Term
| Monocytes give rise to what types of cells? |
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Definition
| macrophages and dendritic cells |
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Term
| From the common myeloid progenitor cell comes an unknown precursor cell that gives rise to what two immune cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of immune cells are polymorphonuclear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the immune cell responsible for pus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the immune cell responsible for attacking parasites? |
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Definition
| eosinophils mostly although basophils are also implicated in parasite defense |
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Term
| Describe the monocyte nucleus. |
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Definition
| round with a single indention |
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Term
| How does a monocyte become a macrophage? |
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Definition
| Macrophages are monocytes that have migrated from the blood into tissues |
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Term
| Where are dendritic cells located? What is their purpose? |
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Definition
| in tissue. They are messengers that induce adaptive immune response and migrate with phagocytosed material to lymphoid organs |
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Term
| Granules of the mast cell mostly contain what substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Large granular lymphocytes are aka... |
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Definition
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Term
| Do NK cells participate in adaptive or innate immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells can differentiate into what type of cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| T cell antigen receptor (this is the surface receptor that enables T cells to recognize antigens while the B cell uses a surface immunoglobulin to recognize antigens) |
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Term
| Name the two types of CD4 cells. |
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Definition
| Type 1 or TH1 and type 2 or TH2 |
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Term
| What is a normal white blood cell count per ul? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal percentage of each type of white blood cell? |
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Definition
50-60% neutrophil
20-40% lymphocyte (70-80% T cell)
2-6% monocyte
1-4% eosinophil
.5-1% basophil
0-3% bands ( or immature leukocytes) |
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Term
| Name the professional phagocytes. (There are 5.) |
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Definition
| monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells |
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Term
| Name the three immune cells that secrete chemicals that kill pathogens (extracellular killer cells). |
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Definition
| CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), NK cells, eosinophils |
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Term
| If a cell is an antigen presenting cell then that cell necesarily has... |
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Definition
| MHC class II (all cells have MHC class I and can present viral antigens |
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Term
| Name three antigen presenting cells. |
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Definition
| dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that promote phagocytosis such as antibodies |
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Term
| Name four types of cytokines and general function |
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Definition
interferons- limit spread of viral infection
interleukin- variety of function, activate other cells to divide and differentiate
colony stimulating factors- direct development of blood leukocytes
chemokines: direct movement of leukocytes throughout the body |
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Term
| What cytokine receptor is on all nucleated cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary or central lymphoid tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the secondary or peripheral lymphoid tissues? |
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Definition
| lymph nodes, spleen, MALT |
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Term
| How do pathogens arrive at lymph nodes? the spleen? MALT? |
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Definition
| afferent lymph vessels, blood vessels, across mucosa |
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Term
| How do lymphocytes arrive at and exit from MALT? |
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Definition
| arrive via blood and then exit via lymphatics if they are not activated |
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Term
| A major mechanical defense barrier of the skin, GI tract, respiratory tract, UG tract, and eyes is... |
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Definition
| the flow of fluid (perspiration, saliva, cilia, urine, tears) |
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Term
| Name three places the enzyme lysozyme is found as a defense barrier against infection. |
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Definition
| sebum on the skin, respiratory tract nasal secretions, in tears |
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Term
| What is the receptor used to identify pathogens in the innate immune response? What does the receptor bind to? |
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Definition
| PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)bind to pattern associated molecular patterns on pathogens |
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Term
| The part of the antigen bound by an immunoglobin or TCR is called the... |
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Definition
| antigenic determinant or epitope |
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Term
| Proliferation and differentiation of pathogen activated lymphocytes is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Humoral and cell mediated immunity are both types of ___________ immunity. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a toxin that is altered so that it no longer has toxic properties |
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Term
| Which is greater (in terms of amount of antibody produced), the primary or secondary immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CD marker used to identify NK cells? |
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Definition
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