Term
| Autonomic S&S of hypoglycemia |
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Definition
| Sweating, heart pounding, shaking, temp, tingling in extremities, heavy breathing |
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|
Term
| Neuroglycopenic S&S of hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
| Trouble concentrating, blurred vision, slurred speech, numbness, slow thinking, uncoordinated, dizziness, fatigue |
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|
Term
| Amount of carbs to treat hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
15g if less than 70.
20-30g if less than 50.
recheck in 15 min. |
|
|
Term
| What causes diabetic ketoacidosis & who is more likely to get it? |
|
Definition
Absolute or relative deficiency of insulin.
Seen more often in Type 1 |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis? |
|
Definition
| Ketosis, acidosis, dehydration, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis? |
|
Definition
| Infection & illness, new onset of Type 1 diabetes, reduction/omission of insulin. |
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|
Term
| Insulin effectiveness can be reduced due to the presence of what? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fruit/alcohol breath, Kussmal's respirations, acute confusion, dehydration, initial hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Isotonic IV
Restore potassium if below 3.3
Correct pH with: a bolus of regular insulin.
IV drip insulin 5-10units/hr
check glucose every hour
give dilute sodium bicarb if pH <7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flank pain
hematuria, polyuria
urgency
diaphoresis
N/V
history of other urinary problems |
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|
Term
| What do you give to dec uric acid in those with urolithiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If someone has calcium oxalate stones what kind of diet should they be on? |
|
Definition
| Normal calcium, moderate animal protein, low salt |
|
|
Term
| What do you avoid in oxalate stones? |
|
Definition
Big doses of Vit C
High Oxalate foods (chocolate, beer, tea, coffee, cola, tomatoes, spinach, asparagus, cabbage, celery, citrus fruits) |
|
|
Term
| What do you want a diet low in for uric acid stones? |
|
Definition
| Purines (organ meat, whole grains, beans) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Lots of fluids for small stones.
For larger stones: water + extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy & percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy & other surgical removals |
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|
Term
| How much fluids should a patient with urolithiasis be taking in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of ARF is related to urolithiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uremic encephalopathy is a clinical manifestation of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: ARF manifests as hypokalemia & hypernatremia? |
|
Definition
| False. it's HYPERkalemia & HYPOnatremia. |
|
|
Term
| Fluid overload leads to what in ARF patients? |
|
Definition
| Edema, high BP, crackles, jugular vein distension |
|
|
Term
| How much UO can you expect to see during the diuretic phase of ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to BUN during the diuretic phase? |
|
Definition
| It decreases but is still elevated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low phosphate, low protein, low sodium, low potassium, adequate carbs. |
|
|
Term
| What do you give to decrease serum k+ in ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications of fluid volume excess? |
|
Definition
| Pleural & pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis |
|
|
Term
| Low dose dopamine can do what in ARF patients? |
|
Definition
| Increase kidney blood flow. |
|
|
Term
| Why would you give H2 receptor antagonists to ARF patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic renal failure is due to? |
|
Definition
| irreversible loss of nephrons |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K+, phosphate, creatinin, bun, other nitrogenous wastes, H+ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| conversion of inactive calcium, production of erythropoietin, immune system function, impaired insulin action, dec sex hormones, inc lipid productions & other hormones (FSH, LH, prolactin) |
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|
Term
| Dry, itchy, uremic frost is a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Better or metallic taste, bad breath |
|
|
Term
| General fluid reccomedation for CRF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What meds shift K+ back into cells? |
|
Definition
| Insulin, D50, sodium bicarb, CaCl, calcium gluconate |
|
|
Term
| What is a phosphate binding med? how do they work? |
|
Definition
| Aluminum hydroxide. on a full stomach they prevent phosphate absorption in the GI tract. |
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|
Term
| Acidosis is the result of? |
|
Definition
| Too much carbonic acid (H2CO3) |
|
|
Term
| What disease is characterized by orange/brown urine & clay colored stools? |
|
Definition
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