Term
General Redundancy
Time, Joined expressions,location, direction and others
Why Edit for?
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Definition
Time, Joined expressions,location, direction and others
1. Establishes the right Ethos
2. Promotes efficiency
3. Clarifies thought/ meaning
4. Encourages + improvement
5. Invites further attention from reader
6. Removes unnecessary repition of ideas
7. Results from a failure to consider meaning
8. helps reader connect |
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Term
Redundancy & Dilution: Adverbs
Why Edit for? |
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Definition
More concise
Dilutes ideas weakens/waters them down
Hidden adverbs frequently disappear into prepositional chains |
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Term
Conciseness Chapter 8
Redundancy & Dilution: Adverbs
Why Edit For?
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Definition
1. Dilutes an idea, weakens and waters them down
2. Hidden adverbs frequently disappear into prepositional chains
3. Look for "ly" ending
Look for hidden verbs that follow hidden adverbs
frequently hidden adverbs disappear into prepositional phrases.
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Term
Conciseness Chapter 8
Redundancy & Dilution
Adverbs
Look for-
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Definition
Look for
"ly" words
"with great frequency" = frequently
"very frequently" = frequently
"with some diligence" = diligently
"in a ( ) manner"
"in a ( ) way"
"in a ( ) fashion
"acted in a professional manner" = professionally
"on a regulary basis" = regularly
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Term
Conciseness Chapter 8
Redundancy & Dilution
Verbs
Look for
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Definition
Verb= to have, to give, to perform, experience, make and produce
Look for: "tion" "ance" "ly" "tion" and will
"to give careful consideration" = carefully consider
"have an influence on" = influence
"to perform an analysis of" = to analyze
"in the compilation of" = to compile
"taken into consideration" = are considered
"has made increases" = has increased
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Term
Conciseness-Chapter 8
Redundancy and Dilution
Prepositional Chains
Why Edit for? |
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Definition
Simple prepositions or conjunctions turn into long strings.
Reduces dilution, increases conciseness |
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Term
Conciseness-Chapter 8
General Redundancy
Prepositional Chains
Look for
Replace with |
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Definition
ABOUT replaces all of these prepositional chains
with regard to
with response to
with respect to
in relation to
as regards
with reference to
in reference to |
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Term
Conciseness-Chapter 8
General Redundancy
Prepositional Chains
Look for
Replace with |
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Definition
Before will replace these prepositional chains
prior to
in advance of
previouss to
at an earlier time than
at a time preceding
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Term
Conciseness-Chapter 8
General Redundancy
Prepositional Chains
Look for
Replace with |
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Definition
Because- replaces these prepositional chains
"on account of"
"due to the fact that"
"seeing as how"
"for the reason that"
"by reason of" |
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Term
Conciseness Chapter 8
General Redundancy
Expletives-
Why Edit for?
Look for |
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Definition
| "It is" and "there is" and related constructions "it seems", and "there appear" "It and "there do not refer to anything-if so unneeded. |
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Term
Word Choice-Chapter 9
- Jargon Why edit?
Give some examples |
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Definition
Avoid use-impedes understanding
Confusing
Industry specific (technical language)
Examples-
"meet" "discuss" have contact with" "tolerate" "put up with" "interface" "input" "output" |
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Term
Word Choice-Chapter 9
Cliche
Why edit ? |
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Definition
Overuesed.
Avoiding use promotes thought independence and distinguishes expressions |
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Term
Word Choice-Chapter 9
Abstraction
Why Edit?
Look for |
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Definition
overused language used by writers to avoid thinking their own thoughts.
Why- It's non specific, creats problems with-range of reference
meaning, intent
Examples-
"address" "deal with" "handle" "usually" "sometimes" "often" "frequently" "occasionally" "usually"
instead of frequently use three times a week if possible.
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Term
Word Choice-Chapter 9
Euphamisms
Define
Why use?
Give Examples |
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Definition
The substitution of an inoffensive term with less offensive one
Creates a positive ethos
perspire-sweat, seniors- old people, cash ones chips in, to pass away, beautician-hair dresser, mortician-undertaker. |
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Term
Word Order Chapter 10 (Syntax)
Placement of Main Clauses
Why are Active Sentences better-
more important to use?
Rules?
S>V>O = Active
Subject acts on the object |
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Definition
Main Clause-can stand on own, should precede part that can't. Why edit- Clairifies meaning-of main idea.
Reader can secure main thought
Subject and Verb should be close together in active construction. Sentence begins with a verb who receives action
Active-John kissed Mary- John.object, kissed.verb, Mary>subject. |
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Term
Word Order Chapter 10 (Syntax)
Passive construction
O>V>S= Passive
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Definition
Mary was kissed by John- Mary is the object, kissed is the verb and John is the subject-Passive construction
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Term
Word Order Syntax-Chapter 10
Introductory Modifiers
avoid dangling modifiers |
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Definition
| Keep subject and verb closely linked (framing sentence) The phrase that opens many sentences needs to modify the first noun. |
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Term
Syntax-Chapter 10
Concluding Modifiers
Look for |
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Definition
Concluding information will cause trouble if the noun that closely precedes it is not the right one.
Look for "which" "even" "that" "nearly" "however, nearly" clauses |
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Term
Word Order Chapter 10 (Syntax)
Misplaced Modifiers (Restrictive-non restrictive)
Why Edit?
Look for |
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Definition
Misplaced modifiers modify the wrong word in the sentence.
Move "however" to the beginning, "Only" can move anywhere but this may change the meaning
Only we need to count the cares at this intersection
We only need to count the cars in this intersection
We need to only count the cars at this section
We need to count the cars only at this section
Each example restricts what to count. (Restrictive)
Other examples are
"even" "nearly" depending on word order will determine meaning. |
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Term
Word Order Chapter 10 (Syntax)
Periodic Sentences |
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Definition
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