putting individual sounds together to make a word

example: /k/ /u/ /p/ = cup

1. Phonemic segmentation test
2. Phoneme manipulation test
3. Blending test
4. Phoneme Splitting Test
5. Oddity Test

are all examples of formally assessing what?

3

/sh/ /a/ /p/

• Invented spelling
• Ability to hear rhyming words
• Ability to hear initial and final sounds
• Segmenting words into individual phonemes (sound)
• Knowing nursery rhymes

are all ways to informally assess what?

4

/r/ /i/ /s/ /k/

 words that differ in only one sound

example: cat and bat or pail and bail

2

/t/ /o/

"What is the first sound in the word boy?"

is a type of question that teaches the child how to what?

 Ways to teach phonemic awareness

• fun oral activities
• small groups
• explicit and incidental instruction
• multiple opportunities to read and re-read
• Big Books and invented spelling activities

are all ways to teach what?

Incidental Instruction

This type of phonemic awareness instruction involves children playing with words in games and song

Breaking a word into individual phonemes (sounds)

tapping out the number of phonemes (sounds) heard in a word

Word families

 What teaches patterns in words?

Common Rimes or

Common Word Families

at: mat, fat, cat

ike: like, bike

ate: skate, late, rate

op: hop, stop, mop

ill: bill, hill, fill, mill

ay: pay, stay, way

are all known as what?

Identifying and working with:

• syllables in spoken words
• creating oral rhymes
• onsets and rimes in one syllable words
• individual sounds in spoken words

are all what type of activities

Identifying and manipulating the individual sounds in spoken words

Activities include oral rhyming games

 Questions such as:

What is the first sound you hear in "map"?

and

What is the last sound you hear in "map"?

are both questions for what type of activity?

Developing phonological and phonemic awareness

When a child is unable to:

1. Detect/produce rhyming words
2. Understand/enjoy rhymes found in books
3. Blend sounds to make a word
4. Recognize words with the same beginning sound
5. Identify sounds in oral language
6. Use clapping/tapping to break words into syllables

the child is said to be having difficulty with what?

Clapping syllables of unfamiliar words

What is the best activity to develop phonological awareness?

Identifying phonemes orally such as:

Initial sound                Adding a sound

Final sound                  Deleting a sound

Blending sounds           Substituing a sound

Segmenting sounds       Isolating a sound

is known as what skill?

Identifying word units orally

example:  man, table, cat, sister

is known as what skill?

Identifying syllable units orally such as:

man

cat

ta-ble

sis-ter

is know as what skill?

A game in which students will insert a letter in front of the rime -ate to make words such as:

mate      rate      date      skate      late

will benefit with what?

Segmenting words

(Segmentation)

Breaking up a word into separate sounds such as:

UP = /u/ /p/ = 2 sounds

is known as what?

1. Oral Rhymes
2. Clapping syllables
3. Word families
4. Knowing beginning and ending sound
5. Blending sounds into words
6. Segmenting words into sounds

are all what type of activities?

Saying a word without the initial sounds such as:

"what is map without the /m/

is known as what?

When a child can put segments together

for example: /k/ /a/ /k/ = cake

Understanding the different ways it can be broken down such as:

1. rhynming songs
2. sentence segments
3. syllable segment/blending
4. onset/rimeblending and segmenting
5. blendng and segmenting individual sounds

is known as what?

Phonemic Isolation, blending, segmentation, deletion, and substitution are all known as what?