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comparitive psychology
comparing behaviors of diffeernt species
23
Psychology
Graduate
10/04/2009

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Term
comparative psychology
Definition
closely related to ethology; different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences
Term
Karl von Frisch
Definition
studied behavior of honeybees, and the dance of the honeybees
Term
Bee communication
Definition
bees communicated by dancing; round dance indicates food is nearby while a waggle dance indicates food is far away
Term
bee navigation
Definition
scouter bees look for food and nesting sites and then return with information; use location cues, sun, polarized light, magnetic fields
Term
bee hierarchy
Definition
honeybees form a hierarchy within hive with one queen bee, produces a chemical that suppresses all other bee's estrogen so that she is the only bee to reproduce; tended to and fed by worker bees and then lays thousands of eggs
Term
bee mating
Definition
very few male bees (drones) are produces whose only purpose is to mate with the queen
Term
bee's flower selection
Definition
see flower color and unltraviolet light; Von Frisch found that coney bees could see certain markers on flowers (honeyguides) that human's could not.
Term
animal navigation
Definition
animals are adept naviagtors, someuse map and compass and others use landmarks; others have true navigational abilities (birds and bees)
Term
cues for animal navigation
Definition
atmospheric pressure, infrasound, magnetic sense, sun compass, star compass, polarized light
Term
echolocation
Definition
sophisticated type of perception, which generally replaces sight (dolphins, bats) Bats have amazing accuracy with it
Term
owls navigation
Definition
owls travel at night and can determine navigation because of their assymetrical ears; hear different levels of sound
Term
Wolfgang Kohler
Definition
experimented with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving; chimps were able to create novel solutions to problem by perceiving the whole picture (not trial and error); chimps using tools; called the a-ha experience
Term
A-ha experience
Definition
Wolfgang Kohler's experiments with chimps where they used novel solutions to solve problems by perceiving the whole picture
Term
Harry Harlow
Definition
Harlow's monkeys, researched development with Rhesus monkets, studied social isolation and maternal stimulation
Term
social isolation in monkeys
Definition
Harlow studied monkeys raised in isolation and those with a peer group; found isolation hampered development; non normative social function, sexual function, maternal function
Term
contact comfort in monkeys
Definition
Harlow's experiements with monkeys; found that terry cloth mother robot was an attachment figure; bonded through comforting experience
Term
learning to learn in monkeys
Definition
Harlow demonstrated that monkeys become better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences
Term
R C Tyson
Definition
bred maze bright and maze dull monkeys to demonstrate the heritability of behavior
Term
enriched environment rats
Definition
bright and dull bred rats performed well in enriched environments; performed poorly in an impoverished environments
Term
Edward Thorndike
Definition
concept of instrumental learning with animals; type of learning that happens through trial, error, and accidental effects; Law of Effects: successful behavior are more likely to be repeated
Term
cats in puzzle boxes
Definition
Thorndike's experiment where he deomnstrated Law of Effects-successful behaviors are more likely to be repeated; cat would press the escape door lever to be free
Term
cross fostering experiences
Definition
experiements that attempt to separate the effects of heredity and environment
Term
Eric Kandel
Definition
studied sea slug Aplysia; could identify the few large nerve cells and positied that learning and memoery are evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathway
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