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Comparative Vocab 2
More introductory vocab
45
Political Studies
11th Grade
02/09/2012

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Term
parastatal
Definition
An organization that is controlled partly by the government and partly by the private sector.
Term
Authority
Definition
what the government has the right to do
Term
Causation
Definition
the belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another
Term
Citizen
Definition
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized
Term
Clientalism
Definition
a social order which depends on relations of patronage and favors
Term
Coercion
Definition
the act of compelling by force of authority
Term
Consensus
Definition
general agreement
Term
Correlation
Definition
Interdependence of variable quantities.
Term
Devolution
Definition
The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, esp. by central government to local or regional administration
Term
Distributive policies
Definition
extending goods and services (as well as the costs of these goods and services) to members of an organization or state
Term
Economic liberalization
Definition
Less government regulation of the economy and greater participation of private entities (free markets, reducing state control over markets, pricing, employment, property, distribution)
Term
Electoral system
Definition
a voting system for making democratic choices
Term
Equality
Definition
The state of being equal in rights, status, and opportunities
Term
Extractive politics
Definition
policies which deal with removing natural resources from the ground
Term
Federal regime
Definition
regional and central authorities have constitutional status and have certain responsibilities plus concurrent powers they share
Term
Freedom
Definition
The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint
Term
Fusion of powers
Definition
the executive and legislative branches are intermingled; a feature of parliamentary democracies
Term
Imperialism
Definition
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Term
Import substitution
Definition
The notion that a government should do what it can to reduce its dependency on foreign nations by developing its own products internally
Term
Industrializing
Definition
the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one
Term
Interest group
Definition
A group of persons working on behalf of or strongly supporting a particular cause, such as an item of legislation, an industry, or a special segment of society.
Term
International organization
Definition
an organization made up of sovereign states that has certain membership, scope, and presence, and can be divided into IGOs and INGOs.
Term
Nationalization
Definition
The process of changing something from private ownership to government ownership.
Term
Plurality
Definition
An elections sytem where the winner is whoever has the most votes; a majority is not required
Term
Political behavior
Definition
what defines a person's political views, ideology, and levels of political participation
Term
Political economy
Definition
the term for studying production, buying, and selling, and their relations with law, custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth, including through the budget process
Term
Political ideology
Definition
An organized system of political beliefs, values, and ideas
Term
Political participation
Definition
How the public involves itself in the government's actions and policies.
Term
Political system
Definition
a system of politics and the government; compared to the economic system, legal system, etc.
Term
Political values
Definition
ideas expressing the attitude of social groups as a whole, toward the needs of other social groups and of the whole of that society
Term
Postindustrial
Definition
a manufacturing-based economy that moves on to a structure of society based on the provision of information, innovation, finance, and services.
Term
Postmaterialist
Definition
transformation of individual values, switching from economic and physical security, to a new set of values, which instead emphasized autonomy and self expression
Term
Postmodern
Definition
a method of thought that challenges the traditional practices and intellectual pillars of western civilization
Term
Power
Definition
What the government has the power to do
Term
Privatization
Definition
The process of putting the economy into the private hands of the public; less government ownership
Term
Qualitative comparison
Definition
generates non-numerical data. It focuses on gathering of mainly verbal data rather than measurements
Term
Quantitative comparison
Definition
research generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers
Term
Redistributive policies
Definition
mandates that minimize economic disparity
Term
Regulatory policies
Definition
mandates that limit the discretion of individuals and agencies, or otherwise compel certain types of behavior
Term
Republic
Definition
a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people.
Term
Social democracy
Definition
a political movement that seeks to build an alternative socialist economy gradually through the institutions of liberal democracy.
Term
Socialism
Definition
A system of government where the government has higher taxes and more control over the people, but also provides them with more social services
Term
Structural adjustment
Definition
programs created by the IMF and World Bank to guide countries in debt into fixing their monetary problems.
Term
Supranational organization
Definition
An organization that involves several different nations
Term
Unitary regime
Definition
A system of government where the power rests with one central authority
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