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| Similarity of structure that results from inheritance from a common ancestor |
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| Studies of relationships among organisms involving 1) the similarities of structure among closely related organisms and 2) the modifications of basic structural plans that distinguish specific organisms |
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| Serially Homologous Structures |
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| Structures that are repeated within the same organism |
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| Similarity of structure due to convergence, appear similar but reflect different independent paths of evolution |
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| Modification of structures for similar function |
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| Any subset of organisms you wish to define |
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| Derived characteristics shared by multiple taxa |
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