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Comparative Religion - Islam
History of Islam in comparison to Christianity
92
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 3
02/14/2018

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

asbāb al-nuzūl

Definition

Traditions describing the occasion on which a particular passage of the Qurʾān was revealed    

Term

Haaj    

Definition

believer once in his or her lifetime; one of the five pillars of Islam

Term

Ḥanīf 

Definition

Usually understood to refer to pre-Islamic monotheists in the Abrahamic tradition unaffiliated with Christianity or Judaism

Term

Ḥijāz   

Definition

Western coastal region of the Arabian Peninsula    

Term

Ḥimyar 

Definition
Pre-Islamic south Arabian kingdom
Term

Isnād   

Definition

The chain of transmitters of a tradition given at the beginning of each hadith

Term

Jāhiliyya

Definition

Time of ignorance preceding the rise of Islam; for some modern revivalists, any culture or civilization which is in rebellion against God

 

Term

Ka ‘ba

Definition

Cube-shaped building in Mecca and center of Muslim pilgrimage   

Term

Mashhūr

Definition
"Widely known" hadith report, transmitted by multiple narrators
Term

Masjid

Definition
Literally, place of prostration; mosque
Term

mawla (pl. mawālī)   

Definition

Clients; non-Arabs integrated into the Arab tribal structure by means of a patron-client system    

Term

miḥna

Definition
 Inquisition; the campaign, beginning in 833, by the ʿAbbāsid rulers al- Maʾmūn and al-Muʿtaṣim to impose Muʿtazilite dogma on the ʿulamāʾ
Term

munāfiqūn

Definition
 Hypocrites; a major theme in the Qurʾān
Term

qaṣīda 

Definition
 Ode; classical form of Arabic poetry
Term

qibla

Definition
Direction of prayer
Term

Quraysh

Definition
Muhammad's tribe and the dominant tribe of Mecca
Term

ṣāḥīḥ

Definition
Sound hadith
Term

ṣalāt

Definition
 Prescribed worship; one of the five pillars of Islam.
Term

Shahāda

Definition

The Muslim confession of faith

 

Term

Shiʿat ʿAlī

Definition

 Partisans of ʿAlī; Shiʿites

 

Term

Shirk

Definition
Confusing something created with God; idolatry
Term

Sunna

Definition
 The example of the Prophet Muhammad, recorded in hadith, which establishes normative precedent for Muslims; the second source of Islamic law
Term

Sunni

Definition
 A member of the majority community of Muslims, self-described as the Ahl al-Sunna wa'l Jamāʿa, the People of the Prophetic Sunna and Consensus
Term

taḥannuth

Definition
 Form of religious discipline practiced by pre-Islamic Arabs, including Muhammad
Term

umma

Definition

 The community of Muslims

 

Term

zakat

Definition
Poor-tax; one of the five pillars of Islam
Term

ʿulamāʾ

Definition
 Muslim religious scholars
Term

ahl al-bayt

Definition
 Family of the Prophet, held in special honor by Shīʿīte Muslims
Term

amṣār (sing. miṣr)

Definition
 Garrison cities established by Arab conquerors
Term

Bāb

Definition
Shiʿite spokesman for the twelfth imam
after his occultation
Term

dāʿīs

Definition
 Ismāʿīli missionaries
Term

fitna

Definition
Dissension; civil war
Term

fuqahāʾ

Definition
 Scholars who engage in fiqh, the effort to understand God's law
Term

ghayba

Definition
Occultation; God's removal of the twelfth Shiʿite Imam from the world
Term

ʿilm

Definition
Knowledge, especially knowledge of religious sciences
Term

imam

Definition
 A prayer leader and, by extension, the leader of the Muslim community; for Shīʿītes, a descendant of Muhammad possessing special knowledge and especially designated to lead the community
Term

Khalīfat Allāh

Definition

 Deputy of God; the title claimed by many early Caliphs and claimants to the caliphate

 

Term

taqiyya

Definition
 Pious dissimulation; a Twelver Shiʿite doctrine which allows followers of the imam to conceal their true beliefs
Term

ʿulamāʾ

Definition
 Muslim religious scholars
Term

dīwān 

Definition

System by which booty from conquests was distributed among Muslims    

Term
Fitna
Definition

Dissension; civil war    

Term

Khalīfat Allāh

Definition
Deputy of God; the title claimed by many early Caliphs and claimants to the caliphate
Term

Taqiyya 

Definition
Pious dissimulation; a Twelver Shiʿite doctrine which allows followers of the imam to conceal their true beliefs
Term

  ʿulamāʾ 

Definition
Muslim religious scholars
Term

adhān

Definition
The call to prayer  
Term

 asbāb al-nuzūl 

Definition

Traditions describing the occasion on which a particular passage of the Qurʾān was revealed

 

Term

Hajj 

Definition
- believer once in his or her lifetime; one of the five pillars of Islam
Term

  anīf 

Definition
Usually understood to refer to pre-Islamic monotheists in the Abrahamic tradition unaffiliated with Christianity or Judaism
Term