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Traditions describing the occasion on which a particular passage of the Qurʾān was revealed |
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believer once in his or her lifetime; one of the five pillars of Islam
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Usually understood to refer to pre-Islamic monotheists in the Abrahamic tradition unaffiliated with Christianity or Judaism
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Western coastal region of the Arabian Peninsula |
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| Pre-Islamic south Arabian kingdom |
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The chain of transmitters of a tradition given at the beginning of each hadith
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Time of ignorance preceding the rise of Islam; for some modern revivalists, any culture or civilization which is in rebellion against God
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Cube-shaped building in Mecca and center of Muslim pilgrimage |
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| "Widely known" hadith report, transmitted by multiple narrators |
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| Literally, place of prostration; mosque |
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Clients; non-Arabs integrated into the Arab tribal structure by means of a patron-client system |
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| Inquisition; the campaign, beginning in 833, by the ʿAbbāsid rulers al- Maʾmūn and al-Muʿtaṣim to impose Muʿtazilite dogma on the ʿulamāʾ |
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| Hypocrites; a major theme in the Qurʾān |
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| Ode; classical form of Arabic poetry |
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| Muhammad's tribe and the dominant tribe of Mecca |
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| Prescribed worship; one of the five pillars of Islam. |
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The Muslim confession of faith
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Partisans of ʿAlī; Shiʿites
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| Confusing something created with God; idolatry |
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| The example of the Prophet Muhammad, recorded in hadith, which establishes normative precedent for Muslims; the second source of Islamic law |
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| A member of the majority community of Muslims, self-described as the Ahl al-Sunna wa'l Jamāʿa, the People of the Prophetic Sunna and Consensus |
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| Form of religious discipline practiced by pre-Islamic Arabs, including Muhammad |
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| Poor-tax; one of the five pillars of Islam |
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| Muslim religious scholars |
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| Family of the Prophet, held in special honor by Shīʿīte Muslims |
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| Garrison cities established by Arab conquerors |
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Shiʿite spokesman for the twelfth imam
after his occultation |
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| Scholars who engage in fiqh, the effort to understand God's law |
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| Occultation; God's removal of the twelfth Shiʿite Imam from the world |
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| Knowledge, especially knowledge of religious sciences |
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| A prayer leader and, by extension, the leader of the Muslim community; for Shīʿītes, a descendant of Muhammad possessing special knowledge and especially designated to lead the community |
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Deputy of God; the title claimed by many early Caliphs and claimants to the caliphate
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| Pious dissimulation; a Twelver Shiʿite doctrine which allows followers of the imam to conceal their true beliefs |
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| Muslim religious scholars |
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System by which booty from conquests was distributed among Muslims |
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| Deputy of God; the title claimed by many early Caliphs and claimants to the caliphate |
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| Pious dissimulation; a Twelver Shiʿite doctrine which allows followers of the imam to conceal their true beliefs |
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| - Muslim religious scholars |
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Traditions describing the occasion on which a particular passage of the Qurʾān was revealed
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| - believer once in his or her lifetime; one of the five pillars of Islam |
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| Usually understood to refer to pre-Islamic monotheists in the Abrahamic tradition unaffiliated with Christianity or Judaism |
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| The chain of transmitters of a tradition given at the beginning of each hadith |
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- Time of ignorance preceding the rise of Islam; for some modern revivalists, any culture or civilization which is in rebellion against God
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| Cube-shaped building in Mecca and center of Muslim pilgrimage |
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"Widely known" hadith report, transmitted by multiple narrators
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| Prescribed worship; one of the five pillars of Islam |
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| The Muslim confession of faith |
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Partisans of ʿAlī; Shiʿites
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| Confusing something created with God; Idolatry |
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| The example of the Prophet Muhammad, recorded in hadith, which establishes normative precedent for Muslims; the second source of Islamic law |
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Literally, Speech: recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad (The chain of transmitters of a tradition given at the beginning of each hadith) with sira these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah
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| exegesis, generally referring to such commentary on the Qur'an |
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For some Sufis the final stage of the mystic quest in which the Sufi returns from ecstasy to "continue" in God
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| - Innovation; departure from Sunna |
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Remembrance of God; the central ritual practice of Sufism |
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| Understanding; the collective scholarly effort to understand and apply God's law |
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Forbidden according to Islamic law
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Acts of worship; the first division of Islamic law
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| Consensus; a major principle of Islamic jurisprudence according to which the universal agreement of the community becomes a positive source of law |
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Independent scholarly effort exerted in the attempt to understand and apply God's law; sometimes associated with the application of analogy or qiyās
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| The application of personal judgment by a jurist to depart from strict |
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Scholarly tradition or "schools" of jurisprudence; the four major madhhabs are the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, and Ḥanbalī
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| Love; a stage on the mystic quest |
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Discouraged according to Islamic law
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| Recommended according to Islamic law |
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Gnosis; esoteric knowledge associated with the highest levels of Sufi experience
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| - Public interest; in Islamic law a principle which can override the strict application of a legal rule |
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| A scholar who engages in independent effort, or ijtihād, to clarify a point of law |
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Analogical reasoning; a method of applying a known command from the Qurʾan or Sunna to a new case by means of analogy. See also ijtihād
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| Independent Judgement in Islamic Law |
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| Silence: A stage in the mystic quest |
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Mystic state of passionate longing for the beloved
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Adherence to authoritative precedent |
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Friendship with God; sainthood
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| Arabic acronym for the self-designated Islamic State which claimed to restore the Caliphate in northern Syria in 2013 |
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| Slave; specifically a slave soldier. |
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| Shorthand for the qur'anic mandate to command the right and forbid the wrong |
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| Slave soldier; also, a brilliant Egyptian dynasty ruled by slave soldiers |
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| A scholar who engages in independent effort, or ijtihād, to clarify a point of law |
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Period of sustained political and legal reform in the Ottoman empire
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| Idols; by extension, in Salafi thinking, man-made laws and infidel rulers |
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