| Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | testable implications of a theory aka answer to a question (theory) 
 expressed in terms of outcome and explanatory variables
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | variable you're measuring |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | real = without inflation , nominal = inflation included |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | involve the establishment of a bureaucracy and (maybe) the incorporation of local (hereditary) rulers into that bureaucracy. |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | relies on agreements with local rulers who maintain their pre existing patterns of control and administration |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | going from a broad concept to something more specific to measure it |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | when two variables are associated or related but not causal. they can be strong or weak, negative or positive |  | 
        |  |