Term
|
Definition
| Governing System based on hereditary succession |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chinese legitimization formula which grants a divine right to govern to a family dynasty so long as it rules 'justly' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High level scholar-officials responsible for administering the state bureaucracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System in which jobs/positions are awarded on the basis of ability, not connections or family. |
|
|
Term
| Three ideals that reinforce status quo in Confucianism |
|
Definition
1) Paternalism
2) Emphasis on Stability and Harmony
3) Strictly proscribed roles and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Areas along coast over which China was forced to cede control/sovereignty to other countries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign-educated reformer who sought to establish a Western-style democratic republic in China (1911) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sun's party that was democratic then works for military dictatorship by Chiang Kai-Shek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chief military commander takes control after Sun Yat-Sen dies. |
|
|
Term
| Chinese Communist Party (CCP) |
|
Definition
| Formed as electoral democratic party in 1921, in coalition with KMT until Chiang turned on them in 1927 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nearly 8000 mile trek to remote Yanan Province in only one year by escaping Chinese communists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of founders and ideological godfather of Chinese Communists |
|
|
Term
| People's Republic of China (PRC) |
|
Definition
| Created in 1949 after CCP takes power and Chiang/KMT flee to Taiwan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revolutionary elites lead and people follow. small, conspiratorial party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People lead, the Party follows, mass mobilization (Mao) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of terror attacks on regime targets in cities to spark insurrection. (Lenin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Guerrilla tactics in countryside expanding to conventional war when forces accumulate (Mao) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Undirected spontaneous uprising designed to bring down current regime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Professional revolutionaries; backbone of leadership in both government and the CCP |
|
|
Term
| Function of Chinese Cells |
|
Definition
1) Surveillance
2) Communication
3) Socialization and Recruitment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stabilize the system, risk 'revolutionary legitimacy' by turning into the same thing you overthrew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constantly struggling against status quo (even rev. class), risk chaos/ instability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revolutionary idealists; idealogical 'true believers' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technocratic pragmatists; administrators, not idealists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effort by Mao and Party to rapidly modernize China (catch up to Great Britain in 15 years) |
|
|
Term
| Two main areas of focus for Great Leap Forward |
|
Definition
1) Steel Production
2) Food Production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-establishment campaign designed by Mao and his allies to ideologically purify and transform China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Units of young Chinese who were fanatically devoted to Mao |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Units of young Chinese who were fanatically devoted to Mao |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extreme devotion to a single leader rather than the state or law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Book of quotations by Mao Tse-Tung which served as the ideological foundation of Cultural Revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mao's closest advisors, including his wife, during Cultural Revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass migration of Boers out of British controlled territory in coastal areas into the interior of South Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch farmers who considered themselves locals/ New language spoken by farmers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Armed conflict in 1899-1902 between descendants of Dutch settlers and British colonial forces in South Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1900, British troops were ordered to burn down every Boer town or farm they came across and destroy all food supplies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To break the resistance of Boer commandos, the British set up what they rather unfortunately called "concentration camps" and forced all Boer woman and children into them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boers begin calling themselves this and form National Party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Afrikaans word for 'separateness'; a system of institutionalized segregation and domination based on race |
|
|
Term
| Population Registration Act (1950) |
|
Definition
| All residents required to officially classified as one of four recognized races: Black, Indian, Coloured, White |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sort of internal passport in South Africa which restricted the movement and employment of blacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures used to regulate the inflow of black Africans into South Africa's white urban areas during apartheid era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specifically designated ghettos far from white areas within which blacks were required to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vast network of police and military personnel responsible for systematically terrorizing any opposition (real or imagined) to apartheid system. Widespread torture, assassination and cooperation of blacks in spying |
|
|
Term
| Sharpeville Massacre 1960 |
|
Definition
| Male residents of Sharpeville Township march to local police station without passbooks in protest. 69 are shot dead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protest against Afrikaans becoming official language. 29 students killed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founder and de facto leader of African National Congress (anti-apartheid) Imprisoned 28 years for terrorism. 1994 elected president |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last apartheid President; former head of National Party. With Mandela, ended apartheid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Head of Zulu- based Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An elected or appointed assembly chosen to write a new national constitution |
|
|
Term
| Truth and Reconciliation Commission |
|
Definition
| Set up to investigate/publicize the crimes of the apartheid regime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of dealing with human rights abuses in post-conflict/ post-authoritarian societies that seeks to balance desire for punishment with need for reconciliation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very extensive bill of rights attached to constitution, with explicit guarantees of rights to vote, equality in law, speech/association, religion, education, housing, and employment |
|
|
Term
| African National Congress (ANC) |
|
Definition
| Center of anti-apartheid movement; ideologically left/socialist and increasingly populist; committed to multi-racial democracy, but in practice a nearly all-black party |
|
|
