Term
| Characteristics of the State of Tsarist Russia |
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Definition
1) Absolutism
2) Patrimonialism
3) Caesaropapism |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruling style in which the state treats the country like personal property and the people like personal servants, not citizens. |
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Term
| Method of Rule in Tsarist Russia |
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Definition
1) Autocracy
2) Elite Recruitment
3) Statist Economic Policy
4) Political Socialization
5) Imperialism and nationalism |
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Definition
| Government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual |
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Term
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Definition
| The secret police responsible for crushing any resistance to the Tsarist regime |
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Term
| Elite recruitment - cultivation of loyalist by granting privileges |
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Definition
| institutional processes whereby people gain access to position of influence or responsiblity |
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Term
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Definition
| An economy that is both planned and directed by the government |
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Term
| 'Political Socialization' |
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Definition
| Process by which people come to acquire political attitudes and values |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice of feudal servitude in which serfs were 'owned' by their masters |
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Term
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Definition
| Communist revolutionaries under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin |
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Term
| Causes of Bolshevik Revolution |
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Definition
1) Alienation of Elites
2) Revolt by Peasant & 'Nationalities'
3) Devastation of WW1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to describe non-Russian ethnic groups in Russia |
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Term
| USSR: institutionally compromised of three parallel structures/hierarchy, each with different functions: |
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Definition
Party: Control
Bureaucracy: Implement
'State': Legitimize |
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Term
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Definition
| Style of decision making where discussion/ debate is allowed at highest level, but once policy is chosen, everyone follows the 'party line' |
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Term
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Definition
| Principles of a political party to which loyal members are expected to adhere |
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Term
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Definition
| system for filling sensitive positions within bureaucracy with trusted Party members |
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Term
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Definition
| full-time Communist Party worker/bureaucrat, 'man of the apparatus' |
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Term
| Political Socialization that started almost at birth |
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Definition
1) Komsomol- Communist Union of Youth for those from 14-28 years old
2) Pioneers: Part group for 9-14 olds
3) Little Octobrists: for all the wee little Commies |
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Term
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Definition
| System in which government, not the market, determines what will be produced |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet agency responsible for central economic planning through 'five-year plans' |
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Term
| Problems with Command Economies |
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Definition
1) Lack of Incentives
2) Overcentralization
3) Warped/Inefficient Investment ALlocations |
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Term
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Definition
| Ideology that all of the Slavic peoples should be ruled by the Tsar and be assimilated into Russian culture and religion |
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Term
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Definition
| Nominally independent countries operating separately but effectively under the control of a larger power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet-led military alliance comprised of communist countries in Eastern Europe) |
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Term
| Sources of Institutional Uncertainty in Russia |
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Definition
1) Predominance of ‘personalismo’
2)Overwhelming influence of Putin in the current diarchy renders formal structures irrelevant
3) Disconnect between “de jure” (legally; in law) and “de facto” (actually; in practice) institutions permeates system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Latin American term describing practice of subordinating laws, ideologies & parties to an individual leader |
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Term
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Definition
| An autocracy governed by two rulers |
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Term
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Definition
-legally, in law
-actually, in practice |
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Term
| 'Horizontal accountability' |
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Definition
| Ability of various branches of government to hold other branches accountable |
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Term
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Definition
1) Subordination of courts
2) Nearly impossible impeachment procedure (legislative) |
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Term
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Definition
| Parties created solely as vehicles for capturing control of the state, not for governing |
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Term
| Characteristics of Parties in Power |
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Definition
1. Lack of Ideological Foundation
2. Absence of Organization
3. Complete Dependence on State/Leader (‘Spoils’) |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking away powers of subnational governments & giving it to national government |
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Term
| Putin’s Recentralization Measures |
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Definition
1) Creation of seven new federal ‘super districts’- headed by presidential appointees
2) Reform of the Federation Council (upper house)- removal of governors
3) New presidential power to appoint & dismiss governors and to dissolve regional assemblies |
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Term
| Presidential Administration |
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Definition
| 2000 person agency for president. monitors and checks enforcement of federal laws and decrees |
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Definition
| Body that supposedly represents civil society but all members are appointed directly or indirectly by President |
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Term
| Non-governmental Organizations |
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Definition
| non-profit, voluntary group that serve as citizen advocates and government watchdogs |
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Term
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Definition
| all ministries/agencies relating to ‘national security’ |
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Term
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Definition
1. Federal Security Service (FSB)
• FSB: Russia’s domestic intelligence agency; successor of the former Soviet KGB
2. Foreign Ministry
3. Defense Ministry
4. Interior Ministry (Border police, state broadcasting, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| small circle of Putin advisors, all former intelligence officers; literally ‘men of power’ |
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Term
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Definition
| Corrupt system of business in which family and friends are favored for government or company contracts, even if better candidates are available. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parties created by the Kremlin to give illusion of competition |
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Term
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Definition
| the Russian seat of power, equivalent to US White House |
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Term
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Definition
| government sponsored pro-Putin youth movement |
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Term
| In 2005, changes to electoral system included... |
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Definition
1. Switch to pure PR elections from single nationwide constituency for Duma
2. Governors of regions no longer directly elected, but appointed by President
3. Raised the threshold for getting seats from 5% to 7% of total national vote |
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Term
| The current 'Party of Power' |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation |
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Term
| Pro-Democratic Reformists |
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Definition
| Yabloko & Union of Rightist Forces- critics of Putin. soon to be extinct |
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Term
| Extreme Right Nationalists |
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Definition
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Term
| Main differences between first decade of post-soviet Russia and the second (2000's) |
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Definition
1) Multipolar vs. Unipolar Power Distribution
2) Robust vs Facade Electoral Competition
3) Fairly Low vs Very High use of Coercion |
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Term
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Definition
| First elected president during the post USSR democratization process between 1991-1999 |
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Term
| Sources of Disillusionment with 'Wester-style' democracy |
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Definition
1) Failure of economic reforms
2) Massive increase in corruption and crime
3) Center-Periphery crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic reforms that produce rapid transition from state-controlled to free market economy |
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Term
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Definition
| Former high-level Soviet officials who emerged as extremely rich and powerful elites |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of division or splintering of states into small, mutually hostile political units |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of system which is only democratic in style or appearance, while its actual function is political control |
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Term
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Definition
| The consolidation of a system with a primacy of laws, rules and formal structures over informal sources of power |
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Term
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Definition
| The legal doctrine that no individual is above the law and that everyone must answer to it; i.e., no impunity for crimes |
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Term
| Political Culture as Explanatory Tool (Strengths and Weaknesses) |
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Definition
Strengths 1) Focus on non-institutional factors
2) Emphasis on non-rational sources of stability
Weaknesses 1) Can't account for rapid change (e.g., Germany)
2) Can be manipulated by elites and political leaders |
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Term
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Definition
| Collectivist philosophy that views society as equivalent to a living organism and emphasizes the good of the whole over the good of the parts |
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Term
| !@#$% Political Implications of organicism in contemporary Russia |
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Definition
1) 'Natural inequality'- each sector fulfills a needed function
2) Strong, authoritarian leadership- need a 'brain', not 'democracy' |
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Term
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Definition
| Want to break away from existing state/country and form new independent country |
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Term
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Definition
| Want to withdraw from existing unit and join another existing unit/country |
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Term
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Definition
| State governed by Islamic principles/laws |
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Term
| 'Inter-Confessional' Conflict |
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Definition
| Between different religeous groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Forced expulsion one ethnic or religeous group from a region by another group using violent means |
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