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| an association of states in which each retains full sovereignty that cannot be overridden by the C. government |
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| Prussia's Prime Minister/Leader. Created Germany in 1871 through military conquest. Proponent of realpolitik. |
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| foreign policy based on power, not ideals or morals, 'might make right' |
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| Title referring to emperors of Germany until 1918 |
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| Subordination of military to elected civilian leaders, essential in democracies. |
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| Exaggerated Conformity Demands |
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| Persecution and fear of anyone 'different' (eg ethnic/religious minorities): rejection of tolerance (acceptance of beliefs, traditions or practice of those outside one's group |
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| Extreme nationalism marked by a belligerent foreign policy. |
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| Three Consequences of Germany's late founding |
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Definition
1. Fusion of Civil/Military Authority
2. Problems on National Identity
3. Concurrent Modernization Crises |
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| In less than 50 yrs, Germany had to deal with crises such as: |
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Definition
1. Political Institutionalization
2. Economic Development
3. Sociopolitical Transformation |
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| Weimar Republic (1919-1933) |
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| Short lived pos-WW1 democratic system in Germany |
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| "Doltschoss Legend" ('Stab in Back Legend') |
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| Theory blaming Germany's loss in WW2 not on military defeat, but betrayal by leftist German politicians and Jews |
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| Why did Weimar collapse? (Preconditions) |
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Definition
1. Lack of a Democratic Culture
2. Perceived Illegitimacy
3. Institutional Flaws |
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| How did Weimar collapse? (Systematic Shocks) |
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Definition
1. Economic Disintegration
2. Instability and Violence
3. Foreign Pressure |
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| disruptions of political system's equilibrium, sometimes beyond point of recovery |
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| period of rapid inflation that leaves a country's currency virtually worthless |
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| In 1924, five yrs before the Great Depression, Germany's inflation rate was... |
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| Illegal effort to forcibly overthrow current government |
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| Treaty Germany was forced to sign at the end of WW1. Designed to be punitive |
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| compensation demanded from defeated nation by victor |
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| Two Consequences of Versailles were: |
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Definition
1. Politically Humiliating (which fanned nationalism)
2. Economically devastating (which fueled extremism) |
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| Situation in which party system becomes bimodal and centrifugal, dominated by extremists |
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| Creating political structures and institutions explicitly designed to remedy past problems |
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| (Basic Law) Provisional constitution pending the unification of West and East Germany. After unification in 1990, became constitution after East Germany voted it in. |
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| individual who is chief representative of the county to the outside world |
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| Individual with significant political power who exercises control of executive functions |
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| government in which the governing party or coalition does not have a majority of seats in the parliment |
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| indirect veto of legislation through refusal to sign bills requiring executive approval |
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| Limitations of Chancellor (head of dominant party in lower house) |
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Definition
1. Federalism- share power with states
2. Constitutional Court- unlike Britain, Chancellor's acts are subject to judicial review by this court |
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Term
| Protection of Chancellor (Head of dominant party in lower house) |
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Definition
| British PM can be removed by simple majority 'no confidence' vote; Chancellor is protected by 'constructive no confidence' requirement |
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Definition
| ability of a court to review laws/acts by other branches of government and nullify them if deemed unconstitutional |
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| Federal 'government' functions on basis of three principles set forth in the Basic Law |
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Definition
1. Chancellor Principle
2. Ministerial Autonomy Principle
3. Cabinet Principle |
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Definition
| something that is required by law and cannot be ignored |
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| Collective Cabinet Responsibility |
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Definition
| tradition in which PM guides, rather than orders the cabinet. |
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| Ministerial Autonomy Principle |
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Definition
| Each minister directs their department (ministry) without Cabinet intervention so long as they conform with government guidelines. |
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Definition
| determination of whose interests ministers should represent and to whom they should represent these interests |
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| Two types of Cabinet Role Definition |
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Definition
1. Functional role-
2. Political role- |
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Term
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| conflicts between ministries (departments) over issues such as budgets or jurisdiction are resolved collectively within the Cabinet |
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| area of governance or policy over which the entity is granted authority |
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| conflicts over competing bureaucratic jurisdictional claims |
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| term used to describe the resignation of a Prime Minister and Cabinet in parliamentary systems |
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| Upper house(indirectly elected) |
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| Lower house (directly elected) |
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Term
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| citizens/voters directly cast ballots for individuals or parties to fill specific elected offices |
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Term
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| voters cast ballots to elect some form of assembly which then in turn chooses an individual to fill a particular office. |
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Definition
| an ability to slow down but not stop legislation passed by another body. |
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| Constructive No Confidence |
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Definition
| Constitutional requirement that when parliament votes out a sitting government (no confidence), it must simultaneously vote in new government) |
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Definition
| coalition created not on basis of shared policy preferences but on shared opposition to another party. |
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| an election called ahead of schedule in parliamentary systems |
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Term
| Bundestag (lower house): Committee System (3 parts) |
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Definition
1. Legislative Function: having specialized committees with expert staff narrows 'expertise gap' between BT and bureaucracy
2. Oversight Function: b/c opposition parties chair a proportionate number of committees, BT is much more active as a 'watchdog' on government
3. Oversight- scrutiny of the programs and performance of one branch of government by another branch |
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Definition
| court empowered to hear appeals of decisions made by lower courts |
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Term
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Definition
| court empowered to hear appeals of decisions made by lower courts |
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Definition
| different state institutions simultaneously excercising authority in a given jurisdictional area |
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| Directly elected parliament in each "Land" or state |
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Term
| States have significant degree of autonomy over internal affairs and complete control over: |
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Definition
1. Education
2. Law Enforcement |
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Term
| direct mandate/indirect mandate |
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Definition
1. vote for individual candidate
2. vote for a party list |
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Term
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Definition
| Additional seats added to Bundestag(lower house) if the number of a party's district winners exceeds its 'quota' |
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Term
| Eligibility for party's quota |
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Definition
1. Win more than 5% of national vote
2. Win at least 3 individual district seats |
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Term
| Christian Democratic Union/ Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) |
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Definition
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Term
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) |
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Definition
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| Free democratic party (FDP) |
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Definition
| center/center right. formed coalition with both parties. economically conservative but socially liberal |
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| Greens. postmaterialist idealogy |
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Definition
| Left. focus more on non-economic or 'quality of life' issues, like social justice, enviornment, etc. |
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Term
| National Democratic Party (NPD) |
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Definition
| Far right, anti-immigrant |
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Definition
| situation in a multi-party parliamentary system where the two largest political parties for a coalition government |
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| Problems with Grand Coalitions (2) |
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Definition
1. Policy Paralysis: governing coalition can survive by avoiding major reforms or initiatives
2. Long Term Destabilization: support for major parties is undermined as result of compromise/inaction; more support for smaller parties |
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Definition
| entities that are not part o the formal government structure to which the state delegates policy-making ad implementation authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| semipublic institutions in financial sector |
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Term
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Definition
| semipublic institutions for health care |
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Definition
| Semipublic institutions for industrial policy which requires large firms to give nearly equal number of executive council to union representatives |
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| Advantages of Neocorporporatism and Democracy (2) |
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Definition
1. Generally less political conflict- fewer strikes/less partisan fighting
2. Government efficiency: policy negotiated by principals involved; cooperative/predictable |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Neocorporatism and Democracy (3) |
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Definition
1. Weakens representative institutions- politics behind closed doors; interest groups work directly with bureaucracy, sidestep parliament
2. Restricts participation- only recognized interests allowed in, others denied access.
3. Can actually produce more conflict- those who feel left out my seek other ways sometimes illegal/violent to make voice herad |
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| Marxist "Red Army Faction" |
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Definition
| staged terror attacks including bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations, in effort to overthrow the 'exlusionary' (corporatist) political system in the 1970's-80's |
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| Characteristics of Extreme right parties |
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Definition
1. Biological Nationalism- national identity defined in racial terms rather than citizenship.
2. Radical Intolerance- politics as 'war' against 'enemies both inside and outside the nation
3. Violent Populism- extreme right populism is both anti-system and anti-democratic |
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Definition
| political philosophy advocating power for the 'common people' in their struggle against the 'privileged elite' |
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| politics in which groups aggregate on the basis of shared identity, usually ethnic or religeous, rather than shared idealogy |
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| highly partisan supporter of a particular idealogy |
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| secret east german police |
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| an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism |
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Definition
‘peoples’ parties’; the two large mass‐based parties in
Germany), the SDP and the CDU |
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Term
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Definition
doctrine of cooperation among western European and North American nations regarding political,
economic, and defense issues |
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Definition
| a comprehensive view of the world |
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Definition
| bills in German Parliament that require the approval of the upper house Bundesrat to become law |
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Term
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Definition
situations (when upper and
lower houses of parliament are controlled by different parties or coalitions |
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Term
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Definition
mandated revenue redistribution between wealthy and poor
Lander by the federal government |
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Definition
| tax on incomes to pay for eastern reconstruction |
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| a political party that is less interested in winning seats and more interested in raising awareness about a particular political issue |
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Definition
| one who rejects all theories of morality or religious belief and advocates the destruction of all established authority and institutions |
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Term
| By tradition, which Cabinet position is given to the leader of the junior coalition partner? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organizing principle that says matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized level |
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