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| Harold Lasswell's definition of politics |
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| American Political Scientist, Yale. Politics is who gets what, when, and how. Another widely read work is Politics: Who Gets What, When, How (1936), a work in the elitist strain (the theory that no matter what the formal structure of government, a minority always will have real power) in which he stressed as motive forces in politics the drives of income, safety, and deference. The work also showed his preoccupation with defining political terms. From 1937 to 1950 political science journals did not publish Lasswell's work, but his writing found a home in psychiatric journals. |
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| Harold Lasswell's definition of communication |
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Who (says) What (to) Whom (in) What Channel (with) What Effect. The "Who" is the "Source/Communicator;" "Says What", the message; in what channel (the medium) and "To Whom", the destination/receiver, and to what effect. Communications have a source who communicates a message through a channel o r medium to a destination (audience) that, hopefully, creates the desired effect. This model is about process of communication and its function to society, According to Lasswell there are three functions for communication:
Surveillance of the environment
Correlation of components of society
Cultural transmission between generation |
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| Political Communication Models: Liberal/democratic |
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| Political Communication Models: Authoritarian |
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| some privately owned papers, w/ self-censorship. TV & radio are govt. owned |
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| Political Communication Models: Totalitarian |
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| no privately owned media, govt. controls all news agencies |
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| Political Communication Models: Social responsibility |
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| print things people need to know, even if they don’t want to. Tries to improve society. (Ex. New York Times) |
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| Political Communication Models: National Development Model |
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| govt. requisitions space in the media to try to give the people vital information to develop the country as a whole |
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| Political Communication Models: Marxist models |
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how you make money will determine everything that you do; if a newspaper editor aims to sell papers, he will print what sells. Variations include:
The hegemonic model – owner uses the media outlet as their own pet project, to boost issues that interest them
Peace journalism – Don’t sensationalize violence or call people “terrorists,” instead use “extremists” (for example) |
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| Political Communication Models: Harold Lasswell's definition of communication vs. politics |
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Communications – who says what to whom in what channel with what effect
Politics – politics is who gets what, when, and how |
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| a shi’a practice, adherents can conceal their beliefs when they are under threat. islamic dissimulation- pretending to be something else to save oneself, but also using stealth and camouflage offensively. |
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| a technique that allows a govt. or organization to get their controversial/offensive view across, while still allowing “plausible deniability” among other audiences. a technique that allows a gov't or organization to get its view across to the Arabic-speaking target audience while still allowing the option of plausible deniability vis a vis other audiences. |
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| exegesis; critical explanation or interpretation of a text or portion of a text |
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| nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. very influential in 1920's and 30's. famous leader saad zaghloul |
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| national democratic party |
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| secular socialist-nationalist in Syria and Iraq |
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| means "conquest". is the leading palestinian political movement (lead by arafat/abbas), leads PLO |
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| Islamic resistance movement |
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| small muslim extremist group that spearheaded the opening of the 1987 intifada |
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| founded by hasan al-banaa, inspired by wahabism from Arabia. gave birth to al-qaeda and other groups including the egyptian gema'at islamiyya. |
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| fatah-based terror group, named after king hussein's removal of fatah from jordan |
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a PLO arms ship. purchased from lebanon in 2000, after transporting legitimate cargo from Sudan it picked up weapons in Iran, bound for Gaza. was intercepted by Israel January 7, 2002.
other arms ships: "santorini" captured May 2001, and Victoria |
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| march 1968, in karameh, jordan between the IDF and the combined force of the PLO and the jordanian army. planned by the IDF as a raid on a refugee camp as reprisal for PLO raids on israel. the jordanian king ordered his troops not to intervene, but they did anyways. nonetheless, the IDF destroyed the camp and took hundreds of prisoners. |
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| silver domed mosque at the edge of the temple mount, also reference to "distant mosque" in Quranic verse |
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| "the catastrophe," the 1948 war |
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| "the set-back," the 1967 war |
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| major causes of arab political foment 2011 |
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| 1. food price hikes, rises in gasoline prices and other commodities. 2. phony elections. 3. naming son or family member as successor. 4. rampant corruption. 5. great unemployment, hidden unemployment, especially among educated. 6. impact of social media and arab satellite TV. 7. crisis of rising expectations. |
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| al-ahram, al-akhbar, al-gumhouriyya |
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| al-quds, al-ayyam, al-hayat al-jadeeda, WAFA news |
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| Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. George Habash/Ahmad Sa'adat (now jailed) |
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| Democratic front for the liberation of palestine. nayef hawatmeh |
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| al-manar- the lighthouse/the beacon |
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| london: al-quds al-arabi, al-sharq al-awsat, al-hayat. paris/monaco: radio monte carlo |
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| third president of Egypt, assassinated by fundamentalist army officer in 1981. reinstituted multi-party system & economic infitah. leader of octobar war against israel, and signed israel peace treaty. |
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| second president of egypt (naguib- first). lead 1952 egyptian revolution. lead pan-arab nationalism & short unity wiht Syria. nationalized suez canal, lost six day war and war of attrition against israel. |
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| palestinian militant & secretary-general of the PFLP. currently in solitary confinement in israeli prison. accused of organizing assassination of israeli tourism minister. |
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| aka mohammad yasser abdel rahman abdel raouf arafat al-qudwa al-husseini, aka abu ammar. chairman of PLO, president of PNA, leader of Fatah (he founded it in 1959). accepted un 242. engaged in madrid conference, oslo accords, 2000 camp david summit. received nobel peace prize with rabin/peres for negotiations at oslo. |
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| kunya of mahmoud abbas. chairman of PLO since 2004. president of PNA since 2005 on Fatah ticket. extended term beyond 2009. chosen as "president of state of palestine" in 2008. prime minister of PA in 2003. |
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| terrorist from acille lauro (italian cruise ship) terror ship 1985 hijacking. former leader of Palestine Liberation Front. captured in iraq 2003 by US troops, died there in 2004. |
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| real name of man known as abu mazen |
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| aka ahmad qreia- PLO parliament speaker and negotiator |
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| important Hamas leader. not dead. a founder of Hamas, also spiritual leader of the org. established hospitals, schols, libraries, etc. but also suicide attacks. a quadriplegic and nearly blind. assassinated by israeli helicopter gunship. |
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| algerian revolution leader. joined violent revolution org after the war, later became 3rd president of algeria. |
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| jerusalem mufti and friend of nazis. palestinian arab nationalist and muslim leader in british mandate of palestine. actively opposed the british to secure independence of palestine. led violent riots. took refuge in lebanon, iraq, and nazi germany. passionate antisemite. |
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| fatah leader from jerusalem. palestinian politician, grandnephew of haj mohamad al-husayni, former grand mufti of jerusalem. worked for PLO, palestinian liberation army, active in intifada. head of west bank fatah, PA minister for jerusalem affairs. |
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| rantissi: co-founder of hamas. political leader, spokesman in gaza strip after killing of sheikh ahmad yassin. opposed any compromise with israel. denied the holocaust. considered terrorist by us, eu, israel for organizing suicide bombings. killed by israeli air force. |
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| noted Syrian eye doctor who succeeded Hafez Assad as Syria's leader |
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| King Hussein, King Abdullah, King Abdullah II, Sharif Hussein |
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| Assassinated Lebanese president-elect |
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| Bashir Gemayel, head of Maronites |
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| Assassinated Lebanese Prime Minister |
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| Rafik Hariri- important Sunni personage |
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| Sheikh Hassan Nasserallah |
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| Hamas prime minister in Gaza |
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| a founder of palestinian islamic jihad. a most wanted terrorist. a member of PIJ and Hamas. currently sheltered by syria. |
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