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| ability to make decision for the larger group |
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| the struggle in any group for power to make decisions for the larger group. |
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levels of analysis
(top to bottom) |
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| system, state, society, individual |
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| a change in one variable causes change in another |
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| an apparent association between certain factors or variables |
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relies on statistical/numerical data that can be analyzed, usually drawn from a large number of cases
-generalization |
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Definition
| study of politics in countries other than our own |
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| Goal of Scientific Research in Social Science |
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Definition
| develop valid & reliable measures to induce or deduce inference between empirical & theoretical world |
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Definition
stresses understanding countries through deeper knowledge of history and culture, focusing more on unique aspects of countries
-specific & in-depth |
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| (quantitative) general to specific |
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| (qualitative) specific to general |
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| is the measurement an accurate measure of the entire group? |
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| are we measuring what we want to measure? |
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(384-322BCE) first comparativist empirical study of politics
-ruled by many is preferred form of govt |
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| (428-327) ideal political community should be ruled by a "philosopher king" |
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(1469-1527) 1st modern political scientist w/emphasis on statecraft & empirical knowledge.
-king should challenge power of Church |
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| (1588-1679) social contract between governing and governed |
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| (1632-1704) private property is essential to individual freedom and prosperity |
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| (1689-1755) advocated separation of powers w/in govt |
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| (1712-1778) citizen's rights are inalienable and cannot be taken away by state (influenced civil rights) |
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| (1818-1883) industrialization introduction of capitalism, division of society by class |
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| (1864-1920) impact of culture on economic and political development |
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Definition
emphasis on political behavior of individuals instead of larger institutions
-using quantitative methodology to generate theories and generalizations to help explain/predict political activity to lead to "Grand Theory"
-a way to approach politics |
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Definition
| as societies developed, they would become capitalist democracies which shared a set of values and characteristics (West) |
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Term
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Definition
| organizations/patterns of activity that are self-perpetuating & valued for their own sake |
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Term
| 6 examples of political institutions |
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Definition
| legislature, police, army, democracy, taxation, WTC |
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Definition
| ability of an individual to act independently, w/out fear of restriction/punishment by the state/other individuals/groups in society |
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| shared material/economic standard of individuals w/in a community, society or country |
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(Weber) the organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory, a set of institutions
-strongly institutionalized/not easily changed |
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| the ability to carry out actions of policies within a territory independently from external actors or internal rivals |
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the fundamental rules and norms of politics
-embodies long-term goals regarding individual freedom and collective equality
-less institutionalized than states, not easily changed but can be altered through dramatic events (rev./crisis) |
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Definition
leadership/elite in charge of running state
-weakly institutionalized, can be removed by public/force/mortality |
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Term
| least institutionalized to most institutionalized (3) |
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Definition
LEAST=govt
regime
MOST= state |
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Definition
first arrived in Europe (which was dominated by Roman Empire)
-emerged out of the constant warfare of the Dark Ages as anew form of political organization |
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Definition
value where someone/something is recognized/accepted as right, confers authority and power
-power that relies on consent |
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"it has always been that way" (historical myths and legends)
-HIGHLY institutionalized |
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Definition
charisma is source of legitimacy, embodied in single individual
-WEAKLY institutionalized |
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Term
| rational-legal legitimacy |
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Definition
system of laws or procedures, importance lies in institutions and roles of individuals (not themselves)
-HIGHLY institutionalized |
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Term
| individual freedom vs collective equality |
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Definition
| decentralization of power vs centralization of power |
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Term
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Definition
significant power devovled to local level by constitution
-taxation, lawmaking and security
-helps represent local interests while checking growth of central power
EX: U.S., Canada, Mexico, German, Russia |
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Term
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Definition
invest political power at national level with limited local authority
-federalism weakens efficiency by dispersing power whereas local interests can be represented to regional bodies |
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Definition
| ability of the state to wield power in order to carry out the basic tasks of providing security and freedom & equality |
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| ability to act free from direct public interference |
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too much autonomy & capacity =
too little = |
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Definition
authoritarianism
failed state |
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Definition
| broad term referring to complex human organization |
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| collection of people bound by shared institutions |
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| specific attributes & societal institutions that make one group culturally different from others |
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Definition
sense of belonging to a nation & belief in its political aspirations
-derived from ethnic identity |
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| pride in ones people that they have their own sovereign political destiny separate from others |
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| citizenship can bring patriotism about (pride in ones state) |
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| an individual's/group's relationship to the state |
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