Term
| What is political accountability? |
|
Definition
| The ability of the citizenry to directly or indirectly control political leaders & institutions |
|
|
Term
| What is the ability of the citizenry to directly or indirectly control political leaders & institutions called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two kinds of political accountability? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is vertical accountability? |
|
Definition
| Citizens holding institutions accountable |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when citizens hold institutions accountable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is horizontal accountability? |
|
Definition
| Institutions holding each other accountable |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when institutions hold each other accountable? |
|
Definition
| Horizontal accountability |
|
|
Term
| What are the three branches of government? |
|
Definition
| Executive, Judicial, and Legislative |
|
|
Term
| What are executive, judicial, and legislative? |
|
Definition
| The three branches of government |
|
|
Term
| What branch of government has something to do with the size and complexity of government growing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branch of government has something to do with judges doing what politicians will not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branch of government often leaves technical decisions to bureaucrats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Judicialization of politics? |
|
Definition
| Judges doing what politicians will not |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when judges do what politicians will not? |
|
Definition
| Judicialization of politics |
|
|
Term
| What are three relations between executive & legislature? |
|
Definition
| Parliamentarism, Presidentialism, Semipresidentialism |
|
|
Term
| What are parliamentarism, presidentialism, and semipresidentialism? |
|
Definition
| Three relations between executive and legislature? |
|
|
Term
| In which system of government is the chief executive not selected directly by popular election but "voted" into office by the legislature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government can the chief executive be replaced without a national election? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government are the terms of parliament & chief executive flexible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government is there separation between head of government and head of state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the head of government in parliamentarism? |
|
Definition
| The Prime Minister or Chancellor |
|
|
Term
| In which system of government is the Prime Minister or Chancellor the head of government? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the head of state in parliamentarism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government is the President or Monarch the head of state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government is there a fusion of powers between the legislature & executive branch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Parliamentarism there is a fusion of powers between which two branches of government? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ability does vertical accountability refer to? |
|
Definition
| Individuals & groups to hold state institutions accountable |
|
|
Term
| In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often also the what? |
|
Definition
| Leader of the majority party in the legislature |
|
|
Term
| In a parliamentary system, a vote of no confidence does what? |
|
Definition
| Forces the Prime Minister to resign |
|
|
Term
| When the Chief executive is not selected directly by popular election, but by vote in the legislature, which kind of government is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two countries both have parliamentary institutions, but function quite differently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of election system does Britain have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of election system does India have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two countries have similar election systems, but one is two-party, and the other is multi-party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of a state is Britain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of a state is India? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which parliament has less of a check on PM, but fragmented parties check power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of system is in most of the Western hemisphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Presidential systems in place? |
|
Definition
| Most of the Western hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| In which kind of system is the chief executive elected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, how is the chief executive chosen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, who is the head of state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system who is the head of government? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, who is the head of state & who is the head of government? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, of what is the President head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of system is there in major latin-American states such as Mexico? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what kind of system is there a separate vote for legislature & chief executive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, is the vote together or separate for Legislature & President? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system is there a relatively strict separation of powers betwen legislative, executive, & judicial branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Presidential system, what is the relatively strict separation of powers between? |
|
Definition
| Legislative, executive, & judicial branches |
|
|
Term
| In which system are there fixed terms for legislature & chief executive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which countries have a semipresidential system? |
|
Definition
| France, Russia, Francophone Africa, & Eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
| What kind of system do France, Russia, Francophone Africa, & Eastern Europe have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which kind of system is there dual executive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the dual executive powers in a semipresidential system? |
|
Definition
| President & Prime Minister |
|
|
Term
| How are the dual executive powers appointed in a semi-presidential system? |
|
Definition
| President is directly elected & Prime Minister is elected or confirmed by Parliament |
|
|
Term
| In which system is the President directly elected & the Prime Minister elected or confirmed by Parliament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the balance of power between the President and Prime Minister in a semipresidential system depend on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does semi-presidentialism work most smoothly? |
|
Definition
| If President & PM are from the same party |
|
|
Term
| Which system works most smoothly if President & PM are from the same party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the President & PM of a semipresidential system are not from the same party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the President & PM (in a semipresidential system) are not from the same party. |
|
|
Term
| What country is an example of cohabitation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which country is a parliamentary democracy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is an example of a semipresidential system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semipresidential systems are mostly located where? |
|
Definition
| In Eastern Europe & Francophone Africa |
|
|
Term
| If a French President & Prime Minister come from opposite blocs, what is the arrangement called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary types of legal systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common law & code law? |
|
Definition
| The two primary types of legal systems |
|
|
Term
| What tradition is common law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tradition is code law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of system is British tradition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of system is Roman tradition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is interchangeable with code law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common law tradition is followed where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What law tradition is followed in the UK & Ireland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Common Law based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of law is based on precedent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of law is a judge-made law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a common law made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did civil law originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What creates codified law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of law is created by acts of parliament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of code law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what tradition do the judges no make laws, they apply the law made in parliament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what tradition are the judges in some sense like bureaucrats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during judicial review? |
|
Definition
| Constitutional court reviews constitutionality of laws |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the constitutional court reviews the constitutionality of laws? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which country does judicial review not exist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does not exist in the UK? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does judicial review not exist in the UK? |
|
Definition
| There is no constituion, parliament is supreme |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of judicial review? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is concrete judicial review? |
|
Definition
| When the challenge to a law arises out of a specific case |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the challenge to a law arises out of a specific case? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is abstract judicial review? |
|
Definition
| When a law is considered without reference to a specific case |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when a law is considered without reference to a specific case? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who can initiate abstract judicial review? |
|
Definition
| Usually only specified political authorities |
|
|
Term
| What does common law refer to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are cases decided according to the common law doctrine? |
|
Definition
| Courts use earlier precedents |
|
|
Term
| What do the terms "civil law" or "code law" refer to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does abstract judicial review imply? |
|
Definition
| The consideration of a law without reference to a specific case |
|
|
Term
| In which system does the central government share sovereignty & power with subunits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of system is popular in large countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is federalism popular in large countries? |
|
Definition
| It brings government closer to people, limits power of majority, & protects religious or ethnic minorities |
|
|
Term
| Which system brings government closer to people, limits power of majority, & protects religious or ethnic minorities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the second chamber of legislature represent in the federalist system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What represents national subunits in the federalist system? |
|
Definition
| The second chamber of legislature |
|
|
Term
| What is the second chamber of legislature in the federalist system also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "upper house" called in the federalist system? |
|
Definition
| The second chamber of legislature |
|
|
Term
| What does the lower house represent in the federalist system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What represents the people in the federalist system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the power of majority is limited? |
|
Definition
| Vertical checks and balances |
|
|
Term
| What do vertical checks & balances do? |
|
Definition
| Limit the power of majority |
|
|
Term
| What are the prominent cases of federalism? |
|
Definition
| US, Germany, Switzerland, & Belgium |
|
|
Term
| What are the US, Germany, Switzerland, & Belgium prominent cases of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are typical functions for "sub-units" in the federalist system?? |
|
Definition
| Education, internal security, regional economic development |
|
|
Term
| In the federalist system, what are education, internal security, & regional economic development functions for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system is the national government's share of state revenue much lower than in unitary governments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the federalist system, the national government's share of state revenue is much lower than in which governments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the federalist system, what is much lower than in unitary governments? |
|
Definition
| The national government's share of state revenue |
|
|
Term
| In Brazil's federalist system, what does the power of sates limit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Brazil's federalist system, what limits national policy-making? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did 15 of the Soviet Union Republics become? |
|
Definition
| The 15 successor states of the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
| What became the 15 successor states of the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| 15 Soviet Union Republics |
|
|
Term
| Which country has asymmetrical federalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of federalism does Russia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Russia, republics tend to have more power than what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Russia, what tend to have more power than other federal units? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Russia, republics tend to have more power than what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who orchestrated the centralization of power in Russia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Putin do in Russia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In federal systems, what does the second chamber of parliament generally represent? |
|
Definition
| The geographic subunits of the country |
|
|
Term
| Which country is the most unitary political system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In federal systems, how is the central government's share of state revenue? |
|
Definition
| Usually lower than in unitary governments |
|
|
Term
| In federal systems, what is a policy-making area typically reserved for the states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Soviet Union fell apart into how many successor states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of electoral systems? |
|
Definition
| First-past-the-post, Proportional Representation, & Mixed |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the first-past-the-post system? |
|
Definition
| Voters elect candidates from single-member districts |
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system do voters elect candidates from single-member districts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of FPTP, or plurality, systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples which require plurality of votes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do majoritarian systems require? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of electoral system requires absolute majority? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a majoritarian system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of electoral system is France an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of electoral system usually requires a second round? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when an electoral system usually requires a second round? |
|
Definition
| Two-ballot-majority-plurality-system |
|
|
Term
| What is a benefit of FPTP? |
|
Definition
| Territorial connection between citizens & representatives |
|
|
Term
| The fact that many votes are "wasted" is a cost of which electoral system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which type of countries is voting participation lower? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which electoral system has a disproportion between seats and votes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of FPTP voting systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which kind of electoral system are seats in parliament allocated by the share of vote a party receives? |
|
Definition
| Proportional Representation |
|
|
Term
| What are the seats in parliament allocated by in a proportional representation system? |
|
Definition
| Share of vote a party receives |
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system is the share of party votes roughly proportional to party's share of seats in parliament? |
|
Definition
| Proportional Representation |
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system do parties rank their candidates on a list? |
|
Definition
| Proportional representation |
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system are representatives chosen nationally or in large districts with multiple representatives? |
|
Definition
| Proportional representation |
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system must a party usually cross a % of vote threshold? |
|
Definition
| Proportional representation |
|
|
Term
| Which electoral system has a benefit of few "wasted" votes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system do even small parties gain some seats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system is participation higher? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system are elections indirect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system do voters not choose individual representatives? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which electoral system is there minority representation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which electoral system has the possibility of a legislature with more parties being unwieldy & ineffective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of electoral systems have some combination of FPTP & PR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the combination of a mixed system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of electoral system uses party lists & single-member districts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of mixed systems? |
|
Definition
| Germany, Russia, Japan, & Mexico |
|
|
Term
| Which electoral system are Germany, Russia, Japan, & Mexico examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which electoral system specifies that the candidate who wins more votes than any other competitor in his or her district wins the election? |
|
Definition
| First-past-the-post or plurality system |
|
|
Term
| The basic principle of a proportional electoral system is to distribute parliamentary seats how? |
|
Definition
| In proportion to each party's share of the popular vote |
|
|
Term
| Elections for the British parliament follow what rules? |
|
Definition
| First-past-the-post or plurality |
|
|
Term
| French parliamentary elections follow what rules? |
|
Definition
| Two-ballot-majority-plurality vote |
|
|
Term
| What are the three kinds of party systems? |
|
Definition
| Dominant party system, two-party system, & multiparty system |
|
|
Term
| How does a dominant party system work? |
|
Definition
| Multiple parties exist, but one wins every election & governs continuously |
|
|
Term
| In what kind of party system do multiple parties exist, but one wins every election & governs continuously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a dominant party system? |
|
Definition
| Mexico under PRI & ANC in South Africa |
|
|
Term
| How does a two-party system work? |
|
Definition
| Only two parties are able to win, although more may compete |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a two-party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a multiparty system work? |
|
Definition
| More than two parties win enough seats & must govern in coalition |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a multiparty system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mexico under PRI & ANC in South Africa are examples of what party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Great Britain & the US are examples of what party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Currently India & Germany are examples of what party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of explanations for party systems? |
|
Definition
| Sociological & Institutional |
|
|
Term
| What is the sociological explanation for party systems? |
|
Definition
| The party system reflects society |
|
|
Term
| What is the sociological explanation for there being no socialist party in the US? |
|
Definition
| Labor unions are weak in the US |
|
|
Term
| What is the institutional explanation for party systems? |
|
Definition
| Institutions, particularly the electoral system, shape the party system |
|
|
Term
| What is the institutional explanation for the two-party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The principle which asserts that FPTP results in a two-party system |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle which asserts that FPTP results in a two-party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of explanation says that FPTP results in two-party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of explanation says that labor unions are weak in the US, so there is no socialist party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main democratic models of government-interest group interaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fewer groups are organized in hierarchical system in which democratic model of government-interest group interaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is bargaining between government & interest groups in which democratic model of government-interest group interaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the corporatist model of government-interest group interaction implemented? |
|
Definition
| Germany & small European countries |
|
|
Term
| Which democratic model of government-interest group interaction is implemented in Germany and small European countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which democratic model of government-interest group interaction has competing interest groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two countries which implement the corporatist model? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which democratic model of government-interest group interaction is implemented in the US & UK? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tend to be more informal than interest groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arise in part because established interest groups & parties do not represent these particular interests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do social movements arise? |
|
Definition
| In part because established interest groups & parties do not represent these particular interests |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of particular interests represented by social movements? |
|
Definition
| environment, women, peace |
|
|
Term
| Environment, women, & peace are examples of interests represented by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pursue participation outside of institutional structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two ways social movements pursue participation? |
|
Definition
| Grassroots & unconventional protest |
|
|
Term
| What sometimes develop into interest groups or, occasionally, political parties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which country has a two-party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would an Institutionalist explain why Germany has had a successful Green Party, but the UK has not? |
|
Definition
| Germany's PR System encourages more narrowly focused parties |
|
|
Term
| Many groups independently represent the same broad interests in a system based on what? |
|
Definition
| Interest group pluralistm |
|
|
Term
| Social movements tend to be more what than interest groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 forms of Authoritarian Regimes? |
|
Definition
| Personalist, Military, One-party, & Theocracy |
|
|
Term
| Which form of Authoritarian regime has no good example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a military authoritarian regime? |
|
Definition
| Argentina 1976-1983 & Brazil 1964-1985 |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a one-party authoritarian regime? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a theocratic authoritarian regime? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of authoritarian regime has no good example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of authoritarian regime are Argentina 1976-1983 & Brazil 1964-1985 examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of authoritarian regime is China an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of authoritarian regime is Iran an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In practice, categories of what can overlap? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of categories of Authoritarian regimes overlapping? |
|
Definition
| Mugabe's Zimbabwe & Saddam Hussein's Iraq |
|
|
Term
| What are Mugabe's Zimbabwe & Saddam Hussein's Iraq examples of? |
|
Definition
| Categories of authoritarian regimes overlapping |
|
|
Term
| How are Mugabe's Zimbabwe & Saddam Hussein's Iraq examples of categories of authoritarian regimes overlapping? |
|
Definition
| They have elements of personalist, military, & one-party dictatorship |
|
|
Term
| What have elements of personalist, military, & one-party dictatorship? |
|
Definition
| Mugabe's Zimbabwe & Saddam Hussein's Iraq |
|
|
Term
| What do virtually all authoritarian regimes recognize? |
|
Definition
| One supreme leader, although may lead larger governing group |
|
|
Term
| What may limit power of supreme leader vis a vis other leaders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may formal institutions limit? |
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Definition
| Power of supreme leader vis a vis other leaders |
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Term
| Which governing institution has a problem of succession? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a key player in all authoritarian regimes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is most likely the threat to ruling elite in an authoritarian regime? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who provides the repression regimes rely on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the military provide that regimes rely on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who relies on the repression that military provides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may provide "safe" participation in a regime? |
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Definition
| institutions that superficially resemble elections, parties, & interest groups |
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Term
| What do regimes use to try to bolster legitimacy? |
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Definition
| institutions that superficially resemble elections, parties, & interest groups |
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Term
| Why do many regimes create institutions that superficially resemble elections, parties, & interest groups? |
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Definition
| They seek to bolster legitimacy & possibly provide "safe" participation |
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Term
| What was China under Mao? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was China a personality cult? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country has become more institutionalized since Mao? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country is now communist only in name, modernizing authoritarian in practice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country has capitalist development with one-party political control? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country has more regularized succession; factional battles take place behind the scenes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country is judiciary institutionalized, though the Party remains supreme |
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Definition
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Term
| In which country is the Judiciary not independent? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which country has the party opened up to intellectual & business elite? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which country have competitive local elections been introduced? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which country has some civil society organization been allowed, but open & vocal calls for change repressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was the 1989 Massacre at Tiananmen Square? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Massacre at Tiananmen Square? |
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Definition
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Term
| China may be communist in name, but how is it best described in practice? |
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Definition
| Modernizing-authoritarian |
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Term
| Which kind of regimes sometimes create institutions that superficially look like elections, political parties, & interest groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country is best described as a theocracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Recently, what did China introduce? |
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Definition
| Some competitive local elections |
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Term
| What did Fukuyama think the end of the Cold War/Democratic Revolutions in Eastern Europe were a sign of? |
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Definition
| That liberal democracy had prevailed and that conflicting ideologies and regimes ended for good. |
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Term
| who thought that the end of the Cold War/Democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe were a sign that liberal democracy had prevailed and conflicting ideologies and regimes ended for good? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Fukuyama think was a sign that liberal democracy had prevailed and conflicting ideologies and regimes ended for good? |
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Definition
| The end of the Cold War/Democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| What about the change in the 1990s doesn't support Fukuyama's idea? |
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Definition
| It was not uniformly toward democracy |
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Term
| What did not support Fukuyama's idea? |
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Definition
| Change in the 1990s was not uniformly toward democracy |
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Term
| What have regime changes largely focused on since the 1980s? |
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Definition
| The "third wave" of democratization |
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Term
| Regime changes have focused largely on "third wave" of democratizations since when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Earlier than the 1980s what was regime change paying more attention to? |
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Definition
| Military coups & social revolutions |
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Term
| When did regime changes pay more attention to military coups & social revolutions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is central to modern state? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is military force central to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must civilian regimes ensure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of regimes must ensure that military is loyal? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do civilian regimes ensure that military is loyal? |
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Definition
| Training of military leaders & political socialization |
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Term
| What is the likelihood of coup influenced by? |
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Definition
| Legitimacy of state institutions & the complexity of society |
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Term
| What do legitimacy of state institutions and complexity of society influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three explanations for coups? |
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Definition
| Weakness of state institutions, Military's own interests, & Social divisions in society reflected in country's military |
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Term
| What are weakness of state institutions, military's own interests, & social divisions in society reflecting in country's military explanations for? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the weakness of state institutions an explain coups? |
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Definition
| Coups restore order or create Bureaucratic-authoritarian state: push through modernization |
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Term
| What is it called when a coup creates a bureaucratic-authoritarian state? |
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Definition
| Push through modernization |
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Term
| What is push through modernization? |
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Definition
| When a coup creates a bureaucratic-authoritarian state |
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Term
| How can we distinguish revolution from other forms of regime change? |
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Definition
| It transforms social order as well as political, involves mass participation in extra-legal political activity designed to overthrow prior regime, & usually includes violence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What did Barrington Moore say? |
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Definition
| The real revolution in U.S. was the civil War, NOT the War of Independence |
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Term
| Why did Barrington Moore say the Civil War was the real American revolution? |
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Definition
| It transformed social order. |
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Term
| What did Barrington Moore say was the real American revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Barrington Moore say was NOT the real revolution in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What usually includes violence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves mass participation in extra-legal political activity designed to overthrow prior regime? |
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Definition
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Term
| What transforms social and political order? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is almost always the outcome of revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has no country, except some ormer Communist countries in Eastern Europe, that has undergone revolution become directly after the revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many countries that have undergone revolution have become an enduring democracy directly after the revolution? |
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Definition
| None but some former Communist countres in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| Why have some former Communist countries in Eastern Europe become an enduring demcoracy directly after the revolution? |
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Definition
| They were less divided after the revolution and the revolutions were from above; involved less mobilized populations, mostly non-violent |
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Term
| What countries were less divided directly after revolution? |
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Definition
| Some former Communist countries in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| In which countries were the revolutions from above? |
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Definition
| Some former Communist countries in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| Which revolutions involved less mobilized populations, mostly non-violent? |
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Definition
| Those in some former Communist countries in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| What are three explanations for China's 1949 revolution? |
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Definition
| Relative deprivation on part of peasantry, creation of Communist Party to mobilize, & extremely weak state/international penetration |
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Term
| What is relative deprivation on the part of peasantry an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Chinese Revolution of 1949 |
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Term
| What is creation of Communist Party to mobilize an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Chinese Revolution of 1949 |
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Term
| What is extremely weak state/International penetration an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Chinese Revolution of 1949 |
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Term
| What are three explanations for the Iranian Revolution of 1979? |
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Definition
| Relative deprivation among many segments of population, state weakened by loss of international support, & did not have single organizing mobilizing factor |
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Term
| What is relative deprivation among many segments of population an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Iranian Revolution of 1979 |
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Term
| What is state weakened by loss of international support an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Iranian Revolution of 1979 |
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Term
| What is the fact that they did not have a single organizing mobilizing factor an explanation for? |
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Definition
| The Iranion Revolution of 1979 |
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