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| parts of a totalitarian regime |
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| strong state ideology that transforms institutions; has utopian notions and uses violence as a means for control (IRAN).... |
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| form of economic development common after WW2 in Latin America |
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| the part of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state |
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| religious nationalism (India) |
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| rule by islamic leaders, Khomeini's concept |
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| office that holds the most power in Iran |
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| parties in India that have gained a lot of power recently |
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| Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) |
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| countries mostly Latin and South America that have experienced dramatic rates of ecnomic growth and democratization, so that they resemble advanced democracies in many ways |
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| Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) |
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| countries lacking a significant amount of economic development or political institutionalization |
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| single political authority that are sovereign rulers in several countries or territiries in their power (Think Europe, MIddle east, etc) |
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| system whereby a state extends its power to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its barriers |
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| mercantilist political-economic system |
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| system through which empires sought to extract revenue from the colonies by making the colonies export raw, unfinished materials to them, then the empires would turn around and sell the finished products to its subjects |
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| British East India Company |
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| a Dutch firm, synonymous with colonialism, destroyed indigenous trade network in Indonesia |
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| different from imperialism in that it indicates to a greater degree the physical occupation of a foreign territory through force-- a means of consolidating one's empire |
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| emerged in late 19th century, means "predecessors", it sought to revitalize the institutions of the Middle east by returning Islam to original spirit and intent, while borrowing some Western institutions |
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| bound by a desire to resist Western culture and society by returning to what they see as the original spirit of Islam |
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| man who created an offshoot of Muslim fundamentalism and mirrored a lot of what Marx said, but he was radical, eventually executed |
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| people assist in providing goods and benefits to certain members of the public in return for political support |
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| an index based on national survey regarding the overall extent of corruption in public and political sectors |
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| export-oriented industrialization |
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| direct integration into the global economy by creating production to fill in international market niche. also is mercantilist because the state plays a big role; kind of the opposite of import-oriented... |
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| structural adjustment programs |
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| programs under which many LDCs and NDCs have adopted more liberal econ. policies |
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| "rolling back" of the state |
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| privatizing industry and reducing the size of the bureaucracy in oder to hopefully make the state thrive |
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| nongovernmental orgaizations (NGOs) |
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| national and international groups that are independent of any state that pursue policy objectives and foster public participation (ex: Amnesty International) |
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| segment of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state (is this flash card a repeat?) |
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| microcredit / microfinance |
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| system that involves a borrowing GROUP (instead of individuals) wihich involves loaning and then loaning to others, and then loaning the revenue, to make more money |
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| linkages between states, societies, and economies intensifying at an increasingly rapid pace, it's a process |
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| multinational corporation |
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| firm that produces, distrubutes and markets in more than one country |
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| non-governmental organizations |
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| national and international groups that are independent of any state and pursue policy objectives and foster public participation |
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| intergovernmental organizations |
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| groups crated by states to serve particular policy ends (UN, EU, WTO, etc) |
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| foreign direct investment |
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| the purchase of assets in a country by a foreign firm |
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| term used to describe countries lowering the standards and weakening regulations in order to keep or attract businesses |
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| head of state in Iran, religious leader (the boss) |
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| another way to define fundamentalism |
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| an attempt to turn mythos into logos |
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| candidate for election in France, running on social and family issues, pro-MIXED markets, big on education, anti-Iraq |
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| Islamism/Islamic Fundamentalism |
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| an approach to the faith marked by a belief that literal interpretation of the faith should be the basis of the political regime FAITH-->IDEOLOGY |
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| leader of Islamic revolution in 1979, believed law + politics should come from Koran |
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| main spiritual text of Islam, basis for Islamism |
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| minority form of Islam that Iran practices, rejected by most other Muslims |
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| former presidentof Iran (97-05) whi is a reform-minded person |
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| language Iranians speak, rather than Arabic |
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| Iran's system of religious laws |
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| led a coup that was supported by the British to take over Tehran and Iran, succeeded, and after he was apptd Shah in 1925, he began to westternize the country |
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| US/UK/SHah moved to overthrow Mossaddeq in a covert program (M. was the leader of the National Front which became more Marxist during the 50s) |
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| 1963, series of reforms after shah returned to power, basically a liberalization, leading to the exile of Khomeini, and then the shah ruled for 15 years backed by US |
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| religious leader who is an expert in Islamic law |
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| 86 members for 8-yr terms, only people who accept the status quo are elected |
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| 12 people, six lawyers, six clerics, power to review all legislation in Iran, always sides with ayatollah |
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| if Majlis is unable to write legislation that satisfies the Council fo Guarudians, then this body steps in, and its decision cannot be overturned |
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| people's militia, part of the Revolutionary Guard, "moral squad" |
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| top-down industrialization |
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| Iran did this kind of economic modernization following the pattern of many other countries (mercantilism), led to social dislocation |
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| parastatal foundations which recently post-revolution nationalized industries were turned over to |
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| group that formed to protest the 2000 Majlis elections, but it didn't matter much anyway since Majlis doesn't have much power, and journalists and dem. activists were arrested |
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| notion of community emphasized by the theocracy |
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| two largest minority groups in Iran that have strong ties to countries outside of Iran, and because the Persians have a bare majority |
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| ideological divisisn in Iran, this perspective believes that the role of faith is to act as an intermediary between the state and society until the return of the Iman |
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| not exactly what the name implies, this group wants greater role for the state in the economy of Iran, but less strict in moral regulation |
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| one of India's two national languages |
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| name for fusion of Hindu and Muslim beliefs created after the Muslims invaded India in the 8th century |
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| what the Untouchables refer to themselves as today |
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| how the East India Trading Compant controlled trade in India, by setting up puppet governships and then working closely with them to control India's resourches |
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| succeeded M. Gahndi to become India's first prime minister |
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| partition to create Pakistan |
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| British did that because the Muslims were afraid of being dominated by the Hindus, created Pakistan which eventually became Bangladesh |
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| ruled India after Nehru died, she called for emergency rule in 1975 (bad idea?) |
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| Italian-born widow of Rajiv Gandhi, wanted to be prime minister, but BJP made a big deal out of her foreign birth, so she stepped aside and someone else is prime minister, but she still leads the INC |
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| current prime minister of India, first Sikh prime minister |
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| lower house of legislature in India |
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| import-substitution industrialization |
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| foreign policy that India adopted after its independence because it had had "quite enough" of the West, it was mercantilist economic nationalim, promoting import-substitution industrialization, restricting foreign investment and trade |
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| mercantilist holdover requiiring licensing and approval processes for operating a bisiness and importing and exporting products--these restrictions have been weakened |
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| term for "Hinduness", a characteristic of the BJP, because extremists are anti-Muslim (this was a problem for them in the last election) |
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| region of India where there was a protest to the acquisition of land for an SEZ |
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| began in China, most recently implemented in India (2006), regions or plots of land are acquired for foreign firms to use, it's part of a plan to stimulate foreign investment |
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| known as the "Silicon Valley" of India |
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| An indirect form of imperialism in which powerful countries overly influence the economies of LDC's |
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| Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore: countries of which have achieved astounding levels of growth in a generation |
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| Export-Oriented Industrialization |
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| A mercantilist strategy for economic growth in which a country seeks out technologies and develops industries focused specifically on the export market |
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| An imperialist system of physically occupying a foreign territory using military force, businesses or settlers |
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| organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests |
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| land, homes and businesses that lack basic property rights such as clear title to ownership |
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| India (1960's-1970's) technologically improved crops and cropping methods improving production dramatically |
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| Persian name for "Mongol" |
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| Indian Revolt (1857-58) sponsored by the aristocracy and carried out by the soldiers employed by the British because of economic frustration, political awareness and national identity |
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| Party founded in 1906 organization that with the INC came to embody the anti-colonial movement |
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| The regional level version of emergency rule in India. Employed on several occassions |
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| City in the state of Punjab where Indira Gandhi lauched a military operation against the Golden Temple (Sikhism's holiest shrine) killing the separatists' leader and 1,000 of his followers |
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| Site of the Babri Mosque built by Mughals on a place alleged to be the birthplace of a major Hindu god. Also sacred place for Muslims and thus is a site of controversy. |
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| State where, in 2002, Muslims set fire to railcars carrying Hindu activists back from a ceremony at Ayodhya killing thousands. |
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| House of States represents India's 28 states and seven territories |
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| Islamic regime under which Iran adopted Shiism |
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| Westernizing minded monarchy that was ousted by Reza Shah Pahlavi. |
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| Prime Minister that was an advocate of the nationalization of the oil industry and restriction of the Shah's power. Allied himself with the Marxist Tudeh Party and dissolved the Majils in 1953. Overthrown by Operation Ajax. |
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| Land reform, privatization of state run industries, a literacy campaign and enfranchisement of women carried out in 1963. |
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| Current supreme leader who was a mid-level cleric prior to his appointment. |
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