Federalism: Good because each regions individual problems can be addressed. Bad because the federal and state governments can clash.

Unitarian: Good because it allows for nationalism and uniformity. Bad because laws made in a certain area could make no sense somewhere else.

Liberalism: High priority on political and economic freedom. Strongly supports civil rights and maximum individual freedom. Low autonomy

Social Democracy: State is involved with decisions in order to help citizens. Allow for some personal freedom

Patriotism is a civil virtue because it allows the people to unite under a common interest, however it can also be negative because it creates a form of divide between people of different nations.

Symbols: Flags, Monuments, Anthems, Leaders, Currency, etc.

Democracy needs separation of powers to ensure that no one person or group gets the chance to have or abuse all of the power.

Legislative Branch: Make the Laws; can impeach president by 2/3 vote and override vetoes

Executive Branch: Enforces the Laws; can veto bills and can appoint judges

Judicial Branch: Interperets the Laws; can deem laws and executive actions unjust/unconstitutional

Citizenship: The relationship between and individual and the state.  Allegiance Granted ==> Rights Given

US Citizens: Rights- 1st amendment rights and medicare

Duties- Paying taxes and obeying laws

Social Expenditures are provisions by public institutions to benefit the public. So long as there are no direct payments or individual contracts.

Examples: Healthcare and Public Education

Taxation: The process by which the government takes a certain amount of money from citizens to pay for public goods and services

Regulations are put in place in order to protect the consumer from unfair prices or bad product.

Examples: Enforcing the laws to pay taxes. And placing higher taxes on certain imported goods from a certain country causing prices to rise.

Legitimacy: The ability of a government to be accepted by the people

Traditional Legitimacy: Valid based on tradition; Ex. English Royal Family

Charismatic Legitimacy: Valid based on power behind ideas; Ex. Nazi Germany

Rational-Legal Legitimacy: Valid based on belief that laws and rules are essential; Ex. Ireland, England, France, Spain

What is a Regime? Name 2 types with examples.

Regime: The set of laws that govern people and run the government

Democratic Regime: People have power; Ex. USA, UK, Spain, Canada

Authoritarian Regime: People have no rights or participation; Ex. North Korea, China, Cuba

Totalitarianism: Government with total control and makes changes to society

Stalin: 1st five year plan for industry and farming. He built mills, power plants, and other facilities with his resources. He also forced peasants to give up their land.

1. Feudalism: Leads to revolution and rise of bourgeoisie

2. Capitalist Democracy: Leads to Revolution and rise of proletariat

3. Dictatorship of Proletariat: Leads to withering of the state

4. Communist Utopia

Due to traditions, if citizens are in disagreement they can become divided within the state.

Miscommunication can occur which can severely decrease efficiency of labor and production.

Sometimes Agreements are almost Impossible

What is theocracy? Give an example from the 20th or 21st century.

Theocracy: Government rule on the foundation of religion

Example: Iran is ruled by Sharia law and islamic Jurists have divinely ordained power to rulle morality and politics.

The good in communism is that ideally all citizens would be completely equal, regardless of their background.

The main mistake that communists make is failing to realize that if people are all equal then the workers will not have any motivation and quality of product will decrease.

State: Monopoly of power and force over a territory enforcing equality and freedom as a reality. Elements are a system of institutions to protect citizens within the state.

Goals: States can reach their goals by regulating laws using the police and using taxes to control funds.

Fundamentalism:Unification of state and religion, making faith the sovereign authority

Fascism:Antiliberal; Classifies citizens as superior or inferior based on ethnicity

Consequences: These ideologies don't support individuality and give the public little to no power at all

Personality Cult: Promotion of leader to a quasi-religious manner; Embody the spirit of the nation and reinforce leadership

Hitler: Hitler is a good example because he was built as a single ruler and savior for Germany after WWI. He was very charismatic and used heavy propaganda in the media.

Economic Liberalism: Allows private sectors to have control over the market as opposed to the government

Good: Promotes competition, causes better products, and more motivated citizens

Risks: It is possible to overlook the less fortunate. Also this society would struggle to recover by itself in the event of failure.

Criteria:

-Rights/Freedom/Equality

-Treatment from the Government

-Political Power given to People

-Are they in fear of foreign attack?

-Are they in fear of own government?

It is the highest court in Spain. It's duties include determining laws and statues that aren't unconstitutional. It also acts as a safety net for the people from the government. There are 12 justices that serve in 9 year terms

Defense: The court defends the principles by checking the power of the supreme court; it also protects rights and freedoms of people.