Term
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Definition
Aging through a biological timetable |
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Term
Programmed Senesence Theory |
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Definition
| Aging is a result of the sequential switching on and off of certain genes |
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Term
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Definition
| non-coding functional repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes. If chromosomes are stabilzed during mitosis it could protect them from degrading emzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasize enviromental damage to body cells, organs and systems that gradually cause them to function inadequate. |
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Term
Wear and Tear Theory (Error) |
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Definition
| proposes that cells and tissues have vital parts that simply wear out with time. |
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Term
Rate of Living Theory (error) |
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Definition
| the greater an organisms rate of oxygen based metabolism, the shorter the life span |
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Term
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Definition
links change to mechanisms that synthesis problems.
Faulty protiens are synthesized and accumulate, these eventually cause catastrophic changes to cells, tissues, and organs, over time these cells deteriorate and malfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| use of multiple drugs, it is problematic in the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| vision acuity and difficulty in focusing begin in the 40's |
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Term
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Definition
| declines more quickly in men than in women, hearing goes as a person get older. |
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Term
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Definition
| may change, generally not until 60 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| constipation is a complaint in about 34% of the elderly. |
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Term
Elderly Changes in Renal and Skeletal system |
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Definition
| oral health-dental carries, missing teeth, muscosal lesions, gum disease, and ill fitting dentures |
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Term
Muscle Strength increases... |
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Definition
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Term
Elderly Health Screening... |
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Definition
- inappropriate Food and/or Fluid intake
- Poverty
- Social
-Social Isolation
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Term
Chronic Medication Usage... |
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Definition
supress appetite
effect metabolism
nausea or vomitting
drug/nutritent interactions --> malabsorption
Ulcers |
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Term
Factors Causing Inadequate food intake |
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Definition
- psycosocial setting
- sensory perception
- abilitiy to chew or swallow
- mood depression
- appetite loss
- inabilitity to feed self
- increased nutrient requirements
- hyperactivity, parkinsons
- infection
-Fever
- Anorexia
- wounds |
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Term
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Definition
| component of skeletal tissue (structural integrity essential to support increasing body size) |
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Term
Three basic Functions of Bone |
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Definition
- fulcrum for muscle activity
-counterforce to gravity
- space for blood forming marrow |
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Term
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Definition
increase osteoclastic action --> increase serum Ca+ levels |
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Term
The level of circulating calcium depends on...
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Definition
- a balance of reabsorption and deposition for Ca in the bone
- intestinal absorption of dietary Ca
- Renal tubular reabsorption excertion
- Absoptive efficiency of Ca in the intestine is depended on
- the sex and age of the individual
- exposure to UV light and vitamin D intake
- Calcium sources |
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Term
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Definition
| ca from plant foods is less avialable than that from animal sources |
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Term
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Definition
| compact bone, forms the outer shell for a bone |
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Term
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Definition
Spongy in Apperance, forms the internal support network for the cortical shell |
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Term
Vertebrae is made up of... |
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Definition
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Term
Long Bones are made up of... |
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Definition
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Term
Peak capacity for physical performance is reached at?
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Definition
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Term
Hormonal Changes in Males |
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Definition
| testosterone levles start to decrease around the age of 40-50 years, weight gain is likely because of physical activity and not hormone! |
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Term
Hormonal Changes in Females |
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Definition
| with menopause, estrogen levels decrease, weight gain and decrease in muscle mass, total cholesterol |
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Term
Physical Acitivity Adults need... |
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Definition
| atleast 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic activity, 75 minuts of vigerous intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent mix. |
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Term
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Definition
-MDD
-Schizophrenia
- Anxiety disorders
-Eatind Disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
-Autism
Alzheimers Disease
- Depression |
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Term
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Definition
is an illness characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to eat, and enjoy pleasurable activities |
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Term
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Definition
no single known cause, combination of genetic, biochemical, environmental, and psychological factors |
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Term
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Definition
brain disorder that effects parts of the brain regulating mood, thinking, sleeping, appetite, and behavior appearance. important neurotransmitters appear to be out of balance. |
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Term
|
Definition
persistantly sad, anxious, or empty feelings
feelings of hoplessness, and or pessimism
feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and or helplessness
irritaility, restlessness
loss of interest in activities or hobbies
insomnia
overeating loss of appetite
thoughts of suicide
persistant aches and pains
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Term
How can nutrition help improve mental health? |
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Definition
-correcting nutrient deficiencies, vitamin b12 and folate
- pharmalogic doses may help those with abnormally high nutrient requirements
- improving effectiveness of antidepressant medications |
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Term
How do n-3 fatty acids affect brain functioning? |
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Definition
- make up phospholipid membranes, rich in brain tissue
- affect receptor function, neurotransmitter uptake, and signal transmitters
- precursors to specific prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- anti-inflammatory effects |
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Term
How do folate and vitamin B12 affect brain functioning? |
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Definition
- essential for nomal central nervous system functioning
- may modulate mood through roles in serotonin synthesis neurotransmitters and catecholamines
- deficiencies lead to eleveated homocysteine concentrations |
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Term
How does vitamin D affect brain functioning? |
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Definition
- in progress vitamin D receptors in brain, associated with brain development, brain detoxification, pathways, and serotonin levels |
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Term
How Do Antioxidants affect brain functioning? |
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Definition
brain consumes oxygen, neuronal membraines susceptible to lipid peroxidation, this can alter neurotransmitter transport and CNS functioning
Antioxidants slow progression of neural damage and vascular disease |
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Term
How does selenium affect breain health? |
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Definition
may be through thyroid hormone metabolism, immune function, antioxidant properties |
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Term
How does Iron affect brain function? |
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Definition
role of myelination, neurotransmitter metabolism and function, cellular and oxidative process |
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Term
How Does Zn affect brain functioning? |
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Definition
modulates synaptic transmission, may act as a neurotransmitter, needed for DNA synthesis and cell membrane stabilization, essential part of numerous proteins |
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Term
|
Class of diseases that affect the heart and involve narrowing or blockage of blood vessels |
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Definition
-hypertension
-atherosclerosis
- CAD
- stroke
-CHD
- Cardiac Arrest
-Nutrition and cardiovascular disease |
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Term
Healthy People 2010 to reduce heart disease |
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Definition
- increase proportion of adults with high blood pressure
- reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults
- reduce the proportion of adults with high total blood cholersterol levels
- eat < 2,400 mg sodium daily |
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Term
| Prevalence of CVD in American Adults increase from... |
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Definition
30% to 50% from ages 45-64 |
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Term
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Definition
- BMI > 30 kg/m
- Waist Circumference> 35 for women, >40 for men
- blood pressure >140/90
-High Saturated fat and trans fat intake
- consumption of few vegetables, fruits and whole grains |
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Term
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Definition
- a group of disease in which genes malfunction so that cells lose normal control over growth and replication
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Term
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes |
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Definition
- 7% of the day's total calories from saturated fat
- 25-35% of the day's total calories from fat
- <200 mg of dietary cholesterol/d
- limit sodium intake to 2400 mg
- just enough calories to achieve or maintain a healthy weight and reduce your blood cholesterol |
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Term
Cancer Nutrition Statistics |
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Definition
- 1/3 of all cancer deaths can be attributed to diet and physical activity habits, including overweight and obesity
- 1/3 is causes by exposure to tobacco products
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Term
Leading site of Cancer Deaths in Men
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Definition
- lungs and bronchus
- prostate
- colon and rectum
- pancreas
- liver and intrahepatic bile duct |
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Term
Leading Sites of Cancer Deaths in women |
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Definition
- lungs
- breast
- colon and rectum |
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Term
In the US, overweight and obesity contributed to what percent of all cancer related mortality |
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Definition
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Term
Obesity increases the risk of cancer in... |
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Definition
- breast
- colon
- endometrium
- espophagus
- kidney
- pancreas
- gallbladder
- thyroid
-ovaries
- cervix
- prostate |
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Term
Body weight influences cancer by... |
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Definition
- fat and sugar metabolism
- immune function
- levels of hormones
- factors that regulate cell poliferation and growth
- proteins that make hormones more or less available to tissues
- increasing risk of acid reflux and baretts esophagus
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Term
To avoid cancer maintain a healthy weight by |
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Definition
- balance caloric intake with physical activity
- avoid excessive weight gain throughout life cycle
- achieve and maintain a healthy weight if currently overweight or obese |
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Term
Prevent Obesity Related Cancer by... |
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Definition
- Eat 5 + servings/d of a variety of vegetables and fruits
- choose whole grains in preference to processed grains
- limit consumption of processed red meats
- limit alcohol |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensory appeal, health, convience, price |
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Term
| barriers to healthy eating |
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Definition
- time
-cost
- money situation
-lazy
- taste |
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Term
| promoters of healthy eating |
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Definition
-family
- upbringing
- food shelf
- food stamps
- garden |
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Term
|
Definition
- be pregnant, lactating and post partum women in 6 months
- have a nutrition risk factor and be certified by a qualified health care professiona
- make <185% of the poverty level
- live in the service area of the agency
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Term
| Medically based risks for WIC |
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Definition
| anemia, underweight, overweight, maternal age, history of high risk pregnancies, dietary based risks, inadequate dietary patterns |
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Term
| Conditions that predispose the woman to medical or dietary risks |
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Definition
o alcoholism
- drug addiction |
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Term
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Definition
supplemental food package to provide food high in protein, calcium , iron, and vit a and C
nutrition education based on a nutrition assesment, wic farmers market |
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Term
| WIC farmers market Nutrition program |
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Definition
offered in 32 states
coupons to eligible reipients
to privide fresh, nutritious fruits and vegetables
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Term
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Definition
| it is a science that deals with judging right or wrong, good or evil, the study of standards of conduct and moral judgement |
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Term
|
Definition
| conforming to the standards of conduct of a given group |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomy, justice, beneficence, utility, stewardship, |
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Term
|
Definition
the right of the individual to make important decisions about their own lives even when veiwed by others as the wrong decision
- the needs to provide school lunch to children, but they pick and choose what to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| doing good for others, actively working to benefit other people or the community, providing relief from pain and suffering, helping to feed the hungry, baby sitting for a low income women |
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Term
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Definition
| just calls for fairness to all with consideration of what inequalities limit fairness |
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Term
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Definition
| taking on responsibilities, promites things that are for the food of society, includes a sense of social responsibility |
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Term
| Leading cause of death for adults aged 25-64 |
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Definition
- cancer
-heart disease
- stroke
- chronic lung disease
-liver disease |
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Term
|
Definition
- atleast 7 vegetbales/day and 7 grains/day
- 2 to 4 fruits /day
- veggies fruits and grains =72% of the diet
- tofu, other soy, green tea, seaweeds, and fish rich omega 3 acids
- meat, poultry and eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| eliminate health disparities among gender, race, education levels, sexual orientation, geographic location, income levels, people with disabilities |
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Term
| Child development Growth assessment |
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Definition
| anthropometric assessment, radiographic assessment, body imaging, fetal growth assessment, dental eruption patterns, skeletal measurements, anthropometry, wrist xray |
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Term
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Definition
| visible by x-ray or by longitudinal sectioning of the bone, growth can be arrested mutiple times and may result in multiple harris lines, found frequently in juvenile sketal remains |
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Term
| Preschool years (3-6 years) physical development |
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Definition
| growth rate stabilizes, heigh over 6-8 cm/yr, weight 2-4 kg/yr, head circumference brain increase 3 times by 6 yrs old |
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Term
| preschool development motor development |
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Definition
| improve gross motor skills, improve fine motor skills |
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Term
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Definition
| symbolic thought, make comparisons, count in their heads, describe to others events, food described by color, shape quanitity |
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Term
|
Definition
| condition in which the individual experiences every event in reference to her/himself |
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Term
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Definition
| they are the power to change the markety place, they are gernally concerned about health, they dent to be informed consumers, they are busy, they look for value in their investments |
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Term
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Definition
| it is estimated that 22% of Americans will be over 65 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| the acculation of the most severe senescent again events |
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Term
| African Americans Access to care |
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Definition
| 40% decreased access, health insurance, getting a referral to a specialist, poor health care rating |
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Term
| American Indians and alaska natives Health care access |
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Definition
| 33% decreased acces to health insurance, problematic patient provider communication |
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Term
| Asian Access to health care |
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Definition
| 1/3 fair poor health had not visited a physician during last year |
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Term
| Latinos Accesst to health care |
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Definition
| less likely to have job based coverage regard less of hours worked or size of firm they worked for |
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Term
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Definition
| African Americans and Latinos have a higher rate of lower extremity amputation than non hispanic whies |
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Term
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Definition
| African american children are 3 x likely to be hospitalized and 5 x more likely to seek the emergency room for care of asthma |
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Term
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Definition
| despite higher mortality, morbidity AA and Latinos are less likely to recieve high tech cardiac procedures |
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Term
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Definition
| african americans less likely to receive combination drug therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| adults have some form of CVD |
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Term
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Definition
| of persons having a coronary event will die during the event |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hypertension warning signs |
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Definition
- head ache
- tiredness
- confusion
- visual changes
- nausea and vomiting
- anxiety
- perspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
- weightloss
- regular excercise
- moderate alcohol intake
- reduce sodium
- overall healthy diet with emphasis on vegetables fruit and low fat dairy products
- medications
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Term
|
Definition
| women die from heart disease |
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Term
| Different symptoms in Female CVD |
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Definition
| shortness of breath, extreme fatigue or feeling sever indidestion, stress related chest pain |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone replacement therapy |
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Term
|
Definition
- hyperglycemia
- increase polyuria
- thirst
- lack of energy
- irritability
- blurred vision
- weight loss
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Term
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Definition
| exceeds 130 billion and increasing |
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Term
|
Definition
- education
- self monitouring of blood glucose levels
- meal planning
- mnt
- excercise
- medication |
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Term
|
Definition
| lowers blood sugar, controls weight, improves overall health, increases energy, hazards to vigorous excercise in poorly controlled diabetes |
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Term
| Diet prescription for Type I |
|
Definition
- eating at consistent times
- insulin adjustments
- individuals skill and education level |
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Term
|
Definition
- weight
- glucose
- lipid
- blood pressure
- improving food selection
- spreading out meals
- insulin therapy as last resort |
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Term
|
Definition
| a shared history consisting of thought, communication, actions, customs, beliefs and values |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction between or among individuals who represent distinctly different cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| to consider the beliefs, values, customs, and viewpoints of your own group superior to all other groups |
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Term
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Definition
| valuing diversity and viewing the world through multiple cultural lenses are at the heart of cultural competency |
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Term
| Barriers to crosscultural communication |
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Definition
| gender roles, touching, vocal styles, eye contact, physical space, silence |
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Term
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Definition
| attitdues and policies that are destructive to other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| no capacity to help... consideres others unfortunates |
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Term
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Definition
| treat everybody the same, culture makes no difference |
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Term
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Definition
| differences are accepted and respected, has cultural skills |
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Term
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Definition
| engages in activities to add to the knowledge base, encourages cultural competence |
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Term
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Definition
| listen with understanding to a clients perception of a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| explain your perception of the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| acknowledge and discuss differences and similarities |
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Term
|
Definition
| recommend treatment that is relevant, concise and practical |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formal, informal, vocational and continuuing education |
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Term
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Definition
| when the subject matter is tied directly to their own realm of experience |
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Term
| Components of a Lesson Plan |
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Definition
| lesson title, target audience, duration of less, general obhectives, specific objectives, prodecudes, learning activites, methods of evaluation, materials needed for the lesson |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of reabsorption of existing bone and the deposition of new bone to replace what was removed |
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Term
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Definition
| holes in skull, may be from trying to release pressure from skulls |
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Term
|
Definition
| bone formation equals bone reabsortion (stable) |
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Term
|
Definition
| age 40-50 bone reabsorption exceeds bone deposition, harder to put down new growth |
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Term
|
Definition
related remodeling stops with the fusion of the epiphysis and the metaphysis
- 3 parts to the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| come from the bone matrix build ca+ |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| destroy bone tissue and calicifcation tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| both genetic and environmental factors influence bone mass and loss, young adults bone mass is greater in males than in females, greater in taller individuals than shorter invidiudals |
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Term
| Bone Mass Genetic Factors |
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Definition
| - excercise, smoker, alchohol consumption, calcium intake, greater in blacks than whites, loss is accelerated in females after menopause |
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Term
| calcified tissue, tooth buds form about 6 weeks |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| calcification initiated about 4 mo inutero, |
|
Definition
| initiated about 4 months inutero |
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Term
| calcification of permanent teeth |
|
Definition
| begins 3-4 months after birth |
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|
Term
proper tooth formation requires
|
|
Definition
| adequate intake of calcium, phosphorus, protein, fluoride, vitamins A,C,D |
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Term
|
Definition
| are metabolically active, but evidence suggests they are not significantly subject to reabsorption |
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Term
| How many american's have osteoporosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many fractures a year result of osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| 1.3 million fractures/year results osteoporosis |
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|
Term
| Risk Factors of osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| women, light skin color, smaller women, thing women, early menopause, family history, women whove neve been pregnant, alcohol, smoking, or caffeine use |
|
|
Term
| what percent of women with osteoporosis have a history of smoking? |
|
Definition
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