Term
| What are some sources of community noise? |
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Definition
| Transportation, community events, loudspeakers, jet aircraft, construction, and public works |
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Term
| What are some effects of community noise? |
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Definition
-Disrupts sleep
-Interferes with communication
-Reduces performance
-Affects mental health
-Annoying
-Cardiovascular effects |
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Term
Reasons to Limit Community Noise:
-To reduce the disruption of ___
-To reduce interference with ___
-To limit ___
-To avoid decreases in ___ values |
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Definition
| sleep; communication; annoyance; property |
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Term
| This acts stated that congress wants states and cities to be responsible for control of community noise. So, there are a variety of noise regulations. |
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Definition
| Noise Control Act of 1972 |
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Term
Why Evaluate Community Noise?:
-to resolve ___ from residents
-to evaluate suitability of a site for a ___ ___
-to determine acceptable ___ ___ and characteristics for
new ___
-to determine if local businesses are complying with local ____ |
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Definition
| complaints; new business; noise levels; equipment; ordinances |
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Term
-Time-averaged sound levels; Equivalent continuous sound level
-Formal definition: 10X the logarithm to the base ten of
the ratio of time-mean-square instantaneous A-weighted sound pressure, during a state time interval T, to the square of the standard reference sound pressure |
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Definition
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Term
Measuring Community Noise:
-dB__ measures
-C-weighted sound levels can be used for ___ noise
-Use a __-dB exchange for time-averaged sound levels
-Can use ___-___ or ___ octave-band levels to assess sound quality
-A long-term average sound level over a ___-hour run time is used to describe community noise.
-CNEL = community noise equivalent level: average levels over a 24- hour run time |
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Definition
| A; impulsive; 3; octave-band; 1/3; 24 |
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Term
| What do these units stand for?[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| A constant level of noise that delivers the same amt of energy content as the varying noise being measured. |
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Definition
| Continuous equivalent sound pressure level [image] |
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Term
Continuous equivalent sound pressure level:
-simple way to represent time-varying environmental noises
like ___ & ___
-A means __-weighting
-Eq means the use of equivalent level of ___ noise
-Assumed to have the same potential to damage hearing as the ___ signal |
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Definition
| railways; aircraft; A; continuous; varying |
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Term
| Measured noise level (in dBA) is exceeded N% of time (T). Ex: La10, 18hr indicates the level that was exceeded 10% of the time over 18 hours |
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Definition
| Sound Pressure Percentile Level (Lan,t) |
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Term
Sound Pressure Percentile Level:
-Ex: La10, 18hr indicates the level that was exceeded __% of the time over ___ hours |
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Definition
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Term
| A-weighted long-term average sound level for day (usually 12 hrs); measured over all day periods of year; Used as a noise indicator for annoyance during daytime |
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Definition
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Term
A-weighted long-term average sound level measured
over evening periods (4 hrs) of a year; Used as an indicator for annoyance during evenings |
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Definition
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Term
A-weighted long-term average sound level measured
over all night periods (8hrs) of a year; Serves as indicator for sleep disturbances at night |
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Definition
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Term
| 24-hr avg sound level, in dB, with a 10-dB penalty for sound levels measured between 10 pm & 7am; Night time penalty because noise is more annoying for most at night |
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Definition
| Day-Night Average Sound Level System (Ldn) |
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Term
| A-weighted SPL that over 1 second has the same amount of energy as a specified single event; Way to represent short duration noises such as a train passing by |
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Definition
| Sound Exposure Level (Lae dBA) |
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Term
| Sound level exposure level allows ___ of different events; for each event, the energy content is described over a period of __ second (regardless of the actual sound duration) |
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Definition
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Term
Community Noise Standards & Guidelines:
-Day-night average sound levels (DNLs) up to ___ dBA are
acceptable (US Dept. Housing & Urban Development, 1991)
-DNLs of ___-___ dBA are unacceptable unless noise controls are used to reduce noise reaching inside homes
-For single-family homes, barriers are required to reduce noise over DNLs of ___.
-DNLs above ___ dBA are unacceptable; (construction costs are too high to control noise inside & outside noise too high to tolerate) |
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Definition
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Term
Most federal guidelines are based on the DNL:
-EPA recommends a DNL below ___ dBA in residential areas; a goal; not a regulation
-Dept. of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) says sound
levels up to DNL ___ DBA are acceptable; sound levels between DNL 65 and DNL 75 are ___.
-DOD & FAA a l s o us e DNL ___ as their regulatory goal.
-Federal Highway Administration (FHA) uses a 1-hour equivalent (time-average) sound level criteria of ___ dBA to determine when to consider noise barriers for new highway projects. |
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Definition
| 55; 65; unacceptable; 65; 67 |
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Term
Local Noise Ordinances:
-Noise is regulated primarily by ___ ___.
-About ___ states have state noise regulations
-General nuisance ordinances prohibit ___ or ___ excessive noise and do not specify a ___ ___ ___; so to comply, must satisfy subjective response by __ or more listeners
-Quantitative ordinances specify ___ ___ ___; but vary in
the ___ required |
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Definition
| local governments; 13; making; allowing; sound level limit; 2; sound level limits; measurements |
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Term
Factors Other Than Absolute Sound Level That Influence Reaction to Community Noise:
-Ratio of ___ noise level to normal background noise level
-Duration & ___ of noise
-Perceived ___ of the noise source owner
-Time of ___; time of ___
-History of prior ___ to noise source
-Special ___ that make the noise irritating
-Whether or not complainant is being ___ or ___
-Threat to ___ or ___? Threat to ___ values?
-Beyond his/her ___ |
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Definition
| intruding; frequency; attitude; day; year; exposure; characteristics; ignored; acknowledged; health; safety; property; control |
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Term
Sound Propagation Outside:
- ___ and ___ conditions affect the rate of attenuation of noise
-HF sounds have ___ wavelengths, so sound energy decreases quickly with ___ distance
-Low-frequency sounds have ___ wavelengths & often carry ___ distances (e.g. several miles) from the sound source. |
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Definition
| Meteorological; physical; short; increasing; longer; greater |
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Term
Methods to Measure Noise Outside (ANSI S12.18):
-The American National Standard for Outdoor Measurement of Sound Pressure Level (SPL) describes procedures to measure ___ sounds
-Can be used to estimate SPLs at ___ ___ from the source |
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Definition
| outdoor; different locations |
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Term
| What should you consider regarding location of noise measurement? |
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Definition
-Consider distance from the noise source
-Consider topography
-Consider ground surface cover
-Consider reflective surfaces |
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Term
Location of Noise Measurement-Reflective Surfaces:
-___ reflective buildings will influence sound levels; avoid
measures near ___ bldgs
-take measurements at least ___ meters away from buildings
(unless measures are to be made near a home for community
noise measures) |
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Definition
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Term
| Choose a location that corresponds to the ___ of the sample |
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Definition
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Term
Microphone Height & Orientation:
-Place microphone __-__ meters above the ground
-Orient mic according to ___ instructions
-Hold SLM ___ from body
-Preferably, mount mic and/or SLM on a ___ |
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Definition
| 1-2; manufacturer’s; away; tripod |
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Term
Measurement Protocol:
-Check calibration ___ & ___ measuring noise
-note environmental ___
-Measure background levels with the noise source ___ ___ if possible
-regulation may specify the ___ period; otherwise
use judgment; consider the ___ of the measures & ___ of sound |
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Definition
| before; after; conditions; shut off; measurement; purpose; characteristics |
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Term
Additional Follow-Up Steps:
-Meet with ___
-Keep communication ___; create a way for the community to ___ noise problems; they can call ___ ___ |
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Definition
| community; open; report; law enforcement |
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Term
Additional Topics:
-Strategies to reduce noise during recreational ___ & ___ venues
-Traffic noise ___ & noise ___
-Noise exposure in ___ |
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Definition
| shooting; music; sources; abatement; children |
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Term
The Threat of Recreational Shooting:
-Gunfire: ___-___ dBP
-exposure above ___ dBP for any amount of time is potentially hazardous |
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Definition
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Term
Recreational Shooting-Precautions:
-Practice ___, not ___
-Practice ___
-Add ___ when hunting w/ others
-Less exposure with ___ caliber weapons
-Less exposure from ___-barreled weapons
-Do not ___ muzzles
-Use HPDs, ___-___ or electronic ___ |
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Definition
| outside; inside; alone; distance; smaller; longer; modify; level-dependent; 36 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Traffic-Noise Source and Abatement Techniques:
-What are some traffic noise sources? |
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Definition
| Engine, Friction -contact of vehicle with air, Friction- contact of tires on road |
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Term
Traffic:
What are some factors that determine noise level? |
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Definition
| Traffic flow rate, vehicle speech, number of heavy vehicles, and road surface |
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Term
Abatement Techniques for Traffic Noise:
-FHA uses 1-hr equivalent time average sound level criterion of ___ dBA.
-When levels exceed criterion, ___ are considered
-Traffic ___ measures (prohibit heavy vehicles, etc.)
-Obtain ___ to act as buffer
-Noise ___ in hotels, etc. at design phase |
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Definition
| 67; barriers; management; property; insulation |
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Term
| About ___% of those age: 17-25 years may already have a noise notch |
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Definition
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