Term
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Definition
- The study of human gene activity changes not involving alterations in DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next.
- explains why environmental factors can affect genes |
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Term
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Definition
Avoid the disease altogether BEFORE the disease ever happens.
Examples: Education, vaccination, lifestyle |
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Term
| Name some primary interventions |
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Definition
Education of risk factors
-healthy eating seminars, community gardens, walking groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Method to detect and address existing disease before symptoms appear |
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Term
| Secondary Prevention interventions |
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Definition
-Screening of diseases
-Bp screens, cholesterol screens
- Health risk assessments |
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Term
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Definition
| Methods to decrease negative impact of disease (prevent death from disease or complications through rehabilitation or treatment) |
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Term
| Tertiary Prevention interventions |
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Definition
Med management
Med teaching |
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Term
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Definition
State and federal funded health insurance for people who meet poverty guidelines
FREE insurance |
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Term
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Definition
| Federally funded health care for adults over the age of 65 or disabled persons |
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Term
| Obama care- Affordable Care Act |
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Definition
Federally mandate that everyone must have health insurance
Created a health insurance market place
Tightened laws and regulations around private health insurance |
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Term
Focus of Early home care nursing
(before 1800's) |
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Definition
Reduce suffering and promote healing for sick/poor.
-Emphasis: curative
-little education and poor hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
A standard for proper education and supervision of nurses.
- Concern for environment and for whole of patient |
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Term
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Definition
1800-1900
Organization of visiting nursing- visiting the poor and teaching them proper hygiene |
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Term
| What was the focus of public health nursing 1900-1970? |
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Definition
Broadened to include the health and welfare of general public not just poor.
Emphases on prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| Availability of necessary service throughout the community |
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Term
| Prospective health care payment systems |
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Definition
-Fixed payment rate to specific treatments
-payment method based on rates derived from predictions of annual service cost
-impatient |
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Term
| Retrospective health care payment |
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Definition
| Reimbursement for a service after it has been rendered |
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Term
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Definition
| Susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disese |
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Term
| What are some factors that affect the host? |
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Definition
| Age, Gender, genetics, and lifestyle |
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Term
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Definition
| A factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical - pesticides
Biological- bacteria, virus
Nutrient- Vitamins
Physical- cuts, cars
Psychological- stress |
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Term
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Definition
1. Identify reservoir -(where agent lives)
2. Agent portal of exit- (leave reservoir)
3. Mode of transmission
4. The agent itself
5. Portal of entry
Host |
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Term
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Definition
| Short term: acquired naturally or passively |
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Term
| example of passive immunity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Long term- acquired naturally or artifically |
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Term
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Definition
| Childhood chicken pox- lifetime immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity to one agent provides immunity to another related agent |
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Term
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Definition
| immune to cow pox if immune to small pox |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity level present in a population growth- protects people who aren't vaccinated |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease is not present and individual is not exposed. But host/environment risk factors increase risk of developing disease |
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Term
| Subclinical Disease stage |
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Definition
| individuals have been exposed to a disease but are asymptomatic. Incubation period where it is multiplying. |
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Term
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Definition
| Early in this stage disease only detectable through screenings or test |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizable sx. Not in acute stage anymore |
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Term
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Definition
| investigations that seek to observe and describe patterns of health related conditions that occur naturally in a population |
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Term
| Descriptive Epidemiology example |
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Definition
| A community health nurse seeking to learn how many children in a school district are immunized for measles |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to all NEW cases for a disease appearing during a given time |
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Term
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Definition
Number of persons developing a disease
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Total number at risk per unit of time |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the people with a particular disease existing in a given population at a point in time |
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Term
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Definition
Number of persons with a characteristic
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Total number in population |
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Term
| Community health nurses role in communicable disease? |
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Definition
-Review info
- Clarify the disease- lab confirm
-Review the case definition
-Review the disease information |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs by immediate transfer of infectious agent from reservoir to new host |
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Term
| Direct transmission example |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the infectious agent is transported within contaminated inantimage materials such as water, or food (Vehicle born) |
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Term
| Indirect transmission example |
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Definition
| Contaminated meat or water |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the infectious agent is carried by a vector |
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Term
| Vector transmission example |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nonhuman carries infectious agent |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs through droplet- the small residues that result from evaporation of fluid from droplets emitted by an infected host
- Need to know how to use standard precautions for HIV |
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Term
| TB skin test reaction: 5 or more millimeters positive for |
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Definition
-Positive for HIV
-Recent contact with person w/ TB
-people who have fibrotic changes on a chest radiograph
-patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients |
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Term
| TB skin test reaction: 10 or more millimeters positive for: |
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Definition
- people who have come to US within the last 5 yrs from the areas of the world where TB is common
-Injection drug users |
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Term
| TB skin test reaction: 15 or more millimeters positive for: |
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Definition
| People with no known risk factors for TB |
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Term
| Nursing process of communicable disease control |
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Definition
1. Assessment: case finding
2. Planning:
3. Implementation: Take action
4. Evaluation: Have the actions been achieved? |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, learn and understand basic health info and services needed to make an appropriate decision |
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Term
| What are some factors that effect health literacy? |
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Definition
-Knowledge/skill
-Past experience
-culture
-environment
-demographics |
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Term
| How should public health develop health messages? |
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Definition
1. identify audience health
2. Specifics about audience (gender, age, behaviors)
3. Determine key messages
4. Determine best ways to communicate( written, visuals, or audio
5. Decide how to distribute |
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Term
| Barriers to health literacy |
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Definition
Use of medical terms
reliance on print communication
Focus on information rather than actions
Limited awareness of cultural differences |
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Term
| Strategies to improve health literacy |
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Definition
-use appropriate language
-Use culturally and linguistically appropriate messages
- messages that are user centered
- effectiveness of communication |
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Term
| Concept of Community as a client |
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Definition
| Refers to a group or population of people as the focus of nursing service |
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Term
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Definition
| All people occupying an area or people that share on or more characteristic. Don't necessarily interact with each other or coexist |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging. |
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Term
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Definition
| identification and plotting of human genes and the study of the interaction of genes with each other and the environment |
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