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Community 1
Exam 1
61
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
09/28/2015

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Epigenetics
Definition
- The study of human gene activity changes not involving alterations in DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next.
- explains why environmental factors can affect genes
Term
Primary Prevention
Definition
Avoid the disease altogether BEFORE the disease ever happens.
Examples: Education, vaccination, lifestyle
Term
Name some primary interventions
Definition
Education of risk factors
-healthy eating seminars, community gardens, walking groups
Term
Secondary Prevention
Definition
Method to detect and address existing disease before symptoms appear
Term
Secondary Prevention interventions
Definition
-Screening of diseases
-Bp screens, cholesterol screens
- Health risk assessments
Term
Tertiary Prevention
Definition
Methods to decrease negative impact of disease (prevent death from disease or complications through rehabilitation or treatment)
Term
Tertiary Prevention interventions
Definition
Med management
Med teaching
Term
Medicaid
Definition
State and federal funded health insurance for people who meet poverty guidelines
FREE insurance
Term
Medicare
Definition
Federally funded health care for adults over the age of 65 or disabled persons
Term
Obama care- Affordable Care Act
Definition
Federally mandate that everyone must have health insurance
Created a health insurance market place
Tightened laws and regulations around private health insurance
Term
Focus of Early home care nursing
(before 1800's)
Definition
Reduce suffering and promote healing for sick/poor.
-Emphasis: curative
-little education and poor hygiene
Term
Nightingale Model
Definition
A standard for proper education and supervision of nurses.
- Concern for environment and for whole of patient
Term
District nursing
Definition
1800-1900
Organization of visiting nursing- visiting the poor and teaching them proper hygiene
Term
What was the focus of public health nursing 1900-1970?
Definition
Broadened to include the health and welfare of general public not just poor.
Emphases on prevention
Term
Assurance
Definition
Availability of necessary service throughout the community
Term
Prospective health care payment systems
Definition
-Fixed payment rate to specific treatments
-payment method based on rates derived from predictions of annual service cost
-impatient
Term
Retrospective health care payment
Definition
Reimbursement for a service after it has been rendered
Term
Host
Definition
Susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disese
Term
What are some factors that affect the host?
Definition
Age, Gender, genetics, and lifestyle
Term
Agent
Definition
A factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition
Term
Types of Agents
Definition
Chemical - pesticides
Biological- bacteria, virus
Nutrient- Vitamins
Physical- cuts, cars
Psychological- stress
Term
Chain of Causation
Definition
1. Identify reservoir -(where agent lives)
2. Agent portal of exit- (leave reservoir)
3. Mode of transmission
4. The agent itself
5. Portal of entry
Host
Term
Passive immunity
Definition
Short term: acquired naturally or passively
Term
example of passive immunity
Definition
Breast Feeding
Term
Active immunity
Definition
Long term- acquired naturally or artifically
Term
Active immunity example
Definition
Childhood chicken pox- lifetime immunity
Term
Cross-immunity
Definition
immunity to one agent provides immunity to another related agent
Term
Cross-immunity example
Definition
immune to cow pox if immune to small pox
Term
herd immunity
Definition
immunity level present in a population growth- protects people who aren't vaccinated
Term
Susceptibility stage
Definition
Disease is not present and individual is not exposed. But host/environment risk factors increase risk of developing disease
Term
Subclinical Disease stage
Definition
individuals have been exposed to a disease but are asymptomatic. Incubation period where it is multiplying.
Term
Clinical disease stage
Definition
Early in this stage disease only detectable through screenings or test
Term
Resolution stage
Definition
Recognizable sx. Not in acute stage anymore
Term
Descriptive Epidemiology
Definition
investigations that seek to observe and describe patterns of health related conditions that occur naturally in a population
Term
Descriptive Epidemiology example
Definition
A community health nurse seeking to learn how many children in a school district are immunized for measles
Term
Incidence
Definition
Refers to all NEW cases for a disease appearing during a given time
Term
Incidence Formula
Definition
Number of persons developing a disease
--------------------------------------
Total number at risk per unit of time
Term
Prevalence
Definition
All of the people with a particular disease existing in a given population at a point in time
Term
Prevalence Formula
Definition
Number of persons with a characteristic
---------------------------------------
Total number in population
Term
Community health nurses role in communicable disease?
Definition
-Review info
- Clarify the disease- lab confirm
-Review the case definition
-Review the disease information
Term
Direct transmission
Definition
occurs by immediate transfer of infectious agent from reservoir to new host
Term
Direct transmission example
Definition
touching
kissing
Term
Indirect transmission
Definition
Occurs when the infectious agent is transported within contaminated inantimage materials such as water, or food (Vehicle born)
Term
Indirect transmission example
Definition
Contaminated meat or water
Term
Vector transmission
Definition
Occurs when the infectious agent is carried by a vector
Term
Vector transmission example
Definition
Tick
Term
Vector
Definition
nonhuman carries infectious agent
Term
Airborne transmission
Definition
Occurs through droplet- the small residues that result from evaporation of fluid from droplets emitted by an infected host
- Need to know how to use standard precautions for HIV
Term
TB skin test reaction: 5 or more millimeters positive for
Definition
-Positive for HIV
-Recent contact with person w/ TB
-people who have fibrotic changes on a chest radiograph
-patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients
Term
TB skin test reaction: 10 or more millimeters positive for:
Definition
- people who have come to US within the last 5 yrs from the areas of the world where TB is common
-Injection drug users
Term
TB skin test reaction: 15 or more millimeters positive for:
Definition
People with no known risk factors for TB
Term
Nursing process of communicable disease control
Definition
1. Assessment: case finding
2. Planning:
3. Implementation: Take action
4. Evaluation: Have the actions been achieved?
Term
health literacy
Definition
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, learn and understand basic health info and services needed to make an appropriate decision
Term
What are some factors that effect health literacy?
Definition
-Knowledge/skill
-Past experience
-culture
-environment
-demographics
Term
How should public health develop health messages?
Definition
1. identify audience health
2. Specifics about audience (gender, age, behaviors)
3. Determine key messages
4. Determine best ways to communicate( written, visuals, or audio
5. Decide how to distribute
Term
Barriers to health literacy
Definition
Use of medical terms
reliance on print communication
Focus on information rather than actions
Limited awareness of cultural differences
Term
Strategies to improve health literacy
Definition
-use appropriate language
-Use culturally and linguistically appropriate messages
- messages that are user centered
- effectiveness of communication
Term
Concept of Community as a client
Definition
Refers to a group or population of people as the focus of nursing service
Term
Population
Definition
All people occupying an area or people that share on or more characteristic. Don't necessarily interact with each other or coexist
Term
Community
Definition
A collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging.
Term
Genomics
Definition
identification and plotting of human genes and the study of the interaction of genes with each other and the environment
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