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Communications - Midterm
Communications - Midterm (Units 1-3)
91
Communication
11th Grade
01/14/2012

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Cards

Term
readers, viewers, and consumers
Definition
receivers
Term
belief that popular culture has a short life span
Definition
throw-away ethic
Term
consolidates various media holdings under one corporate umbrella
Definition
cross platform
Term
journalists who exposed corruption, waste, and scandal in business and politics during the turn of the century
Definition
muckraking
Term
attaining knowledge and understanding of mass media
Definition
media literacy
Term
belief in divine order placing God or Nature at the center of the universe
Definition
pre-modern period
Term
social movements that led to political reforms
Definition
Progressive Era
Term
people who post commentary on personal-opinion Web sites
Definition
bloggers
Term
authors, producers, and organizations
Definition
senders
Term
programs, texts, images, sounds, ads
Definition
messages
Term
current time period combining old fashion beliefs and facts with a faster, more efficient way to get the message out
Definition
postmodern
Term
filter the message and decide which goes out to the consumer/public
Definition
gatekeeper
Term
consumers return messages to gatekeeper and sender
Definition
feedback
Term
industrial revolution: efficiently, individualism, rationalism, and progress
Definition
modern period
Term
appeals to ordinary people by setting up a conflict between people and "the elite"
Definition
populism
Term
people see messages and produce meanings that correspond to their preexisting beliefs and values
Definition
selective exposure
Term
designing cultural messages and stories and delivering them to large and diverse audiences
Definition
mass commucation
Term
channels of communication that produce and distribute songs, novels, movies, etc to large numbers of people
Definition
mass media
Term
Which is not a mass media channel?
Definition
feedback (not Internet, newspaper, radio)
Term
A symbol of expression that individuals, groups, and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values is called
Definition
culture
Term
During the mass medium stage of Media
Definition
inventors try to market the new device as a consumer product
Term
The process of creating symbols that convey information and meaning is
Definition
communication
Term
The common denominator shared by our entertainment and information cultures is
Definition
narrative
Term
During the entrepreneurial stage of Media
Definition
inventors determine a practical and marketable use for the new device
Term
Which grouping is the correct order of the Critical process?
Definition
description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, engagement
Term
According to the textbook, the mass media have passed through the following five historical stages:
Definition
Ancient, medieval, renaissance, modern, postmodern
Term
Which of the following was a direct result of the printing press?
Definition
All of the above (the rise of the middle class, the concept of nationalism, a decline in power of religious authority
Term
In the interpretation stage of the critical process, an answer must be found to which of the following questions?
Definition
So what?
Term
What is the meaning of the term "media convergence"?
Definition
Both the technological merging and consolidation options are correct ("The technological merging of content in different mass media," and "the consolidation of various media holdings–such as connections, phone services, television transmissions, and internet access–under one corporate umbrella")
Term
A cultural approach to understanding mass communication
Definition
Argues that much of the communication process is out of the hands of the senders because diverse audiences will interpret the same information differently
Term
The mass communication idea of "selective exposure"
Definition
States that people will tend to seek messages that agree with what they already believe
Term
The best way to approach media literacy and criticism is to
Definition
Both the "understand" and "examine" options are correct ("Understand the various media types so you can participate in the process of helping them live up to their democratic potential," and "examine mass media through a careful critical process")
Term
Postmodern culture
Definition
All of the options are correct ("Is generally thought to have started in the middle of the twentieth century," "Acknowledges paradoxes such as nostalgia for the past and an appetite for the new technology," "Preceded modern culture in some ways")
Term
What are the three states Media evolves in?
Definition
Novelty, entrepreneurial, mass medium
Term
Which of the following is not part of the Web 2.0?
Definition
The semantic Web
Term
What was the original motivation for developing the Internet?
Definition
Military–government project
Term
What are two technical developments key to the Internet's marketability?
Definition
Microprocessors and fiber-optic cable
Term
According to the textbook, which of the following technological advances have aided the Internet's role in media convergence?
Definition
All of the options are correct ("The development of digital technologies that allow information to be transferred as a series of binary codes," "The development of smaller, personal computers, made possible through the development of microchips and microprocessors," and "The development of fiber-optic cable, which allowed a massive amount of information to be transmitted extremely quickly")
Term
Which of the following is true about Linux software?
Definition
All of the options are correct ("It's free," "Many people have contributed to its development," and "It is most often found operating servers rather than PC desktops")
Term
Which of the following terms best describes what makes the Internet a distinctive mass medium?
Definition
Convergence (not "computers," "satellites," or "electronics")
Term
AOL began losing customers in the early 2000s because
Definition
It's dial-up Internet service wasn't broadband
Term
User-created content on the Web includes which of the following phenomena?
Definition
Wiki Web sites and blogs
Term
The data-linking feature that allows Internet users to skip directly from a highlighted word to a related file in another computer system is called
Definition
Hypertext
Term
Which is true about Wiki Web sites?
Definition
The most popular example of a Wiki site is the online encyclopedia mostly written by users
Term
Which of the following is NOT a threat to keeping personal information on the Internet private?
Definition
Digital archiving
Term
Currently, the most popular search engine is
Definition
Google
Term
The most popular social networking site (based on users) is currently
Definition
Facebook
Term
Which of the following statements about keyword advertising is NOT true?
Definition
It is a passing fad because it is unpopular and generates very little revenue (not "It has helped make the owners of sites like Google and Facebook very wealthy," "Some versions read your e-mail messages to find keywords that trigger specific ads," and "It may undermine that role of search engines to provide neutral access to information")
Term
While no one owns the Internet, some businesses have had commercial success controlling parts of the Internet experience. Which of the following endeavors have been commercially successful?
Definition
All of the options are correct ("Providing physical access to the Internet through phone, cable, and satellite links," "Designing and marketing programs that let users browse the Web," "Designing and running directories and search engines")
Term
The term "digital divide" refers to
Definition
The ability of the rich to have access to the latest information technology while the poor do not
Term
an Internet scam that begins with phony email messages that pretend to be from an official site
Definition
phishing
Term
Originally designed by the US Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency, the original Internet
Definition
ARPAnet
Term
a standard for short-distance wireless networking that enables users of notebook computers and other devices to connect to the Internet in cafes, hotels ,airports, and parks
Definition
wi-fi
Term
individual consumers are given the ability of the media companies to customize a Web page or other media form
Definition
mass customization
Term
invented in the 1980s, this is the most traveled region of and is essentially the navigation system for the Internet
Definition
World Wide Web
Term
overhauled the nation's communications regulations so all phone and cable companies are equal
Definition
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Term
made up online identity
Definition
Avatar
Term
these contain articles in chronological, journal-like form, often with reader comments and links to other articles on the Web
Definition
blogs
Term
offers a different route to finding content by allowing users to ender key words to locate related Web pages
Definition
search engines
Term
noncommercial software freely and developed collectively on the Internet
Definition
open-source sourced software
Term
favored by consumers, require Web sites to obtain explicit permission before they can collect browsing history
Definition
opt-in
Term
the socioeconomic disparity between those who do and those who do not have access to digital technology and media, such as the Internet
Definition
digital divide
Term
enables users to send and receive real-time computer messages
Definition
instant messaging
Term
used by commercial interests to track the browsing habits of computer users
Definition
cookies
Term
buying and selling of products and services on the Internet
Definition
e-commerce
Term
favored by data mining corporations, allow for automatic collection of browsing history unless the consumer requests not to
Definition
opt-out
Term
invented in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson to send mail messages to any computer on ARPAnet
Definition
Email
Term
these are information-search services, such as Firefox and Microsoft's Internet Explorer
Definition
browsers
Term
invented in 1960s creating two-way communication
Definition
Internet
Term
this is made of thin glas bundles that transmit thousands of messages converted to shooting pulses of light
Definition
fiber-optic cable
Term
information gathering software used to send pop-up ads to users' computer screens
Definition
spyware
Term
mini circuits that process and store electronic signals
Definition
microprocessors
Term
makes media convergence possible because it enables all media content to be created in the same basic way
Definition
Digital communication
Term
The very earliest uses of Marconi's wireless radio were for
Definition
Military and commercial shipping
Term
Which event led to the Radio Act of 1912?
Definition
The sinking of the Titantic
Term
The telegraph was useless as a means of communication between ships at sea or between ships and the shore because
Definition
The telegraph required a wired cable connecting the sending and receiving stations
Term
The act that first emphasized that broadcasters did not own their channels but were granted licenses provided they operated in the "public interest, convenience, or necessity" was
Definition
Radio Act of 1927
Term
What three companies controlled most of RCA when it was first a government-approved commercial monopoly in the early 1920s?
Definition
AT&T, GE, Westinghouse
Term
The term "broadcasting" was originally used in
Definition
Farming
Term
The person credited with making the first voice broadcast is
Definition
Reginald Fessenden
Term
The first advertisement was for
Definition
A New York real estate developer
Term
What time period is considered the "golden age" of radio?
Definition
1930s and 1940s
Term
Which radio program panicked listeners on Halloween Eve in 1938?
Definition
War of the Worlds
Term
The transistor made radio receivers
Definition
portable
Term
Radio formats usually target specific audiences according to
Definition
All of the options are correct (age and income, gender, race or ethnicity)
Term
Which of the following time blocks are the most important to radio stations?
Definition
6:00 to 9:00 AM and 4:00 to 7:00 PM
Term
The ___ was important to radio technology because it allowed radio signals to be amplified
Definition
Audion
Term
The public found it easy to believe Orson Welles's broadcast of War of the Worlds because
Definition
It was done in the style of a real news broadcast
Term
Nonprofit radio today is
Definition
Struggling to survive government funding cuts
Term
Podcasting is
Definition
The practice of making a program available online that can be played on computers or portable MP3 players
Term
Despite new technologies like personal MP3 players and music online, traditional radio continues to see billions in advertising money because
Definition
Over 90 percent of American teenagers and adults will listen to the radio in a given week
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