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Definition
| process of experiencing your world and making sense out of what you experience |
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| seeing hearing or making sense of the world through our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture. |
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| process of focusing on a specific stimuli and ignoring others. |
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| put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors. |
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| we remember the things that we want to remember, and forget or repress things that are pleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us. |
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| Observing a small sample of someone’s behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like. |
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| to place a familiar structure on information you select. |
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| process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing information. |
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Definition
| make sense of the stimuli that you see |
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Definition
| perception that occurs without conscious effort, but simply because your senses are in operation |
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| Perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentional observation and questioning |
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Term
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Definition
| collections of perceptions about others that you maintain and use to interpret their behaviors |
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Term
| impression formation theory |
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Definition
| theory that explains how you develop perceptions about people and how you maintain and use those perceptions to interpret their behaviors |
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Definition
| Tendency to attend to the first pieces of information observed about another person in order to form an impression |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression |
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Term
| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| Your unique set of beliefs and hypotheses about what people are like |
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Term
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Definition
| Bipolar quality used to classify people |
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Definition
| Attributing a variety of positive qualities to those you like |
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Definition
| Attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that explains how you generate explanations for people’s behaviors |
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Term
| casual attribution theory |
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Definition
| Theory of attribution that identifies the cause of a person’s actions as circumstance, a stimulus, or the person him/herself |
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Term
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Definition
| We interpret the behavior of others through the lens of our own social position, power, or cultural background. |
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Term
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Definition
| We don’t focus on important information because we give too much weight to obvious and superficial information |
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Term
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Definition
| We treat small amounts of information as if they were highly representative |
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Term
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Definition
| We prefer simple explanations to complex ones |
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Term
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Definition
| We allow our pre-existing rigid expectations about others to influence our perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| We overestimate the consistency and constancy of other’s behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| We give more weight to negative information than to positive information |
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Term
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Definition
| We are more likely to believe that others are to blame when things go wrong than to assume that the cause of the problem was beyond their control |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| Error that arises from attributing another person’s behavior to internal, controllable causes rather than to external, uncontrollable causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| We save face by believing that other people, not ourselves, are the cause of problems; when things go right, its because of our skills and abilities rather than the help from others. |
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Definition
| tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than other’s behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| conscious of what you are doing, thinking and sensing at any given moment. |
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Term
| indirect perception checking |
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Definition
| seeking additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making through passive perception such as observing and listening |
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Term
| direct perception checking |
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Definition
| asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or a perception about him or her. |
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